1.西北农林科技大学水土保持科学与工程学院(水土保持研究所), 陕西 杨凌 712100
2.水土保持与荒漠化整治;全国重点实验室, 陕西 杨凌 712100
3.西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100
4.青岛海大生物集团股份有限公司,山东 青岛 266000
李昌见(1987—),男,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事农田生态环境修复研究。E-mial:lichangjian@nwafu.edu.cn
赵西宁(1976—),男,博士,研究员,博士生导师,主要从事雨水资源化利用研究。E-mail:zxn@nwsuaf.edu.cn
收稿:2025-12-04,
修回:2026-03-04,
录用:2026-03-20,
网络首发:2026-04-01,
纸质出版:2026-08-28
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李昌见,闫顺领,郭红梅,等.覆膜与改良剂复配对西北旱作农田土壤质量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(4):396-409.
Li Changjian, Yan Shunling, Guo Hongmei, et al. Impact of combined film mulching and soil amendments on soil quality in rainfed farmland of Northwest China[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2026, 40(4):396-409.
李昌见,闫顺领,郭红梅,等.覆膜与改良剂复配对西北旱作农田土壤质量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(4):396-409. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.009. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.04.009.
Li Changjian, Yan Shunling, Guo Hongmei, et al. Impact of combined film mulching and soil amendments on soil quality in rainfed farmland of Northwest China[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2026, 40(4):396-409. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.009. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.04.009.
目的
2
为实现西北旱作农田耕地质量和玉米产量的协同提升,探明地膜覆盖与改良剂复配的交互作用对西北地区旱作农田土壤质量指数(SQI)及玉米产量的综合调控效应。
方法
2
采用三因素随机区组试验,设置无覆盖(M0)、黑色地膜覆盖(M1)2种覆盖方式,设置0(W0)、45 kg/hm
2
(W1)2个保水剂施用水平和0(B0)、15(B15)、30 t/hm
2
(B30)3个生物炭添加量,比较不同组合对土壤理化性质、SQI及玉米产量的影响。
结果
2
1)覆膜与改良剂均可改善土壤物理结构,其中W1B30处理使0~40 cm土层土壤体积质量平均降低4.29%,孔隙度、田间持水量及饱和含水量显著提高;覆膜为改良剂发挥作用提供更稳定的水热环境,使表层土壤结构与持水性能改善更为明显。2)土壤化学性质提升以生物炭贡献为主,W1B30处理0~20 cm土层有机碳(SOC)较对照增加23.73%,有效磷、速效钾分别提高22.66%、9.86%;不同覆盖条件下,改良剂对SOC、养分有效性的提升幅度存在差异,表明覆盖方式影响改良剂对碳氮积累与速效养分的响应。3)地膜覆盖与改良剂复配共同促进玉米增产,且产量对地膜覆盖×改良剂的交互响应更为敏感,无覆盖条件下W1B30增产19.25%,覆膜条件下W1B15增产18.61%。SQI与产量呈显著正相关(
R
2
=0.67),W1B30处理SQI提高138.95%。
结论
2
地膜覆盖显著提升玉米产量,改良剂复配显著改善旱作农田土壤物理结构,增强持水保肥能力,进而提升土壤肥力,实现土壤质量与产量的同步提升,为旱作区优化覆膜管理与改良剂配施、推进减膜/无膜的可持续生产提供理论依据。
Objective
2
This study aims to investigate the interactive effects of plastic film mulching and combined soil amendments on the soil quality index (SQI) and maize yield, in order to achieve the synergistic improvement of soil quality and maize yield in the dryland farming systems of Northwest China.
Methods
2
A three-factor randomized block design was adopted, including two mulching methods: no mulching (M0) and black plastic film mulching (M1), two application rates of water-retaining agent (W0: 0 kg/hm
2
; W1: 45 kg/hm
2
), and three application rates of biochar (B0: 0 t/hm
2
; B15: 15 t/hm
2
; B30: 30 t/hm
2
). The effects of different treatment combinations on soil physicochemical properties, SQI, and maize yield were compared.
Results
2
1) Both mulching and amendments improved soil physical structure. The W1B30 treatment reduced the bulk density in the 0-40 cm soil layer by an average of 4.29% and increased porosity, field water capacity,
and saturated water content. Mulching provided a more stable hydrothermal background for the amendments to function, resulting in more pronounced improvements in surface structure and water-holding capacity. 2) The improvement in soil chemical properties was mainly attributed to biochar. In the 0-20 cm soil layer, soil organic carbon (SOC) in the W1B30 treatment increased by 23.73% compared to the control, while available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 22.66% and 9.86%, respectively. The extent of improvement in SOC and nutrient availability by amendments differed under different mulching conditions, indicating that mulching methods regulated the response of C and N accumulation and available nutrients to amendments. 3) The combined application of plastic film mulching and amendments jointly promoted maize yield, and the yield was more sensitive to mulching×amendment interactions. Under the no mulching condition, W1B30 increased yield by 19.25%, while with mulching, W1B15 increased yield by 18.61%. SQI showed a significant positive correlation with yield (
R
2
=0.67), and the SQI of the W1B30 treatment increased by 138.95%.
Conclusion
2
Plastic film mulching significantly increases maize yield. The combined application of amendments markedly improves the physical structure of dryland farmland soil, enhances water and nutrient retention, thereby increasing soil fertility and achieving synchronous improvement of soil quality and yield. This study provides a basis for optimizing mulching management and amendment application in dryland regions, and for advancing sustainable production with reduced or no plastic film.
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