青藏高原侵蚀沟分类初探

李建军; 焦菊英; 陈一先; 曹雪; 陈同德; 程玉卓; 刘祖艳; 章志鑫; 王颢霖; 林红; 陈玉兰; 税军锋

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2025.01.027

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青藏高原侵蚀沟分类初探

更新时间：2025-03-14

- 青藏高原侵蚀沟分类初探
- Elementary Study on Gully Classification on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
- 水土保持学报 2025年39卷第1期页码：1-9
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌,712100
  2. 山西农业大学水土保持科学研究所,太原,030013
  3. 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌,712100
  4. 西华师范大学地理科学学院,四川,南充,637009
  5. 青海民族大学政治与公共管理学院,西宁,810007
  6. 察隅县人力资源和社会保障局,西藏,林芝,860600
  7. 错那市自然资源局,西藏,山南,856700
  8. 贵州工程应用技术学院,贵州,毕节,551700
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "李建军(1997—), 男, 助理研究员, 博士, 硕士生导师，主要从事土壤侵蚀研究。E-mail: lijianjun@nwafu.edu.cn" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0603);国家自然科学基金重点项目(42430506);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA20040202);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2452023071)
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2025.01.027
  中图分类号： S157.1
- 纸质出版：2025
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
李建军, 焦菊英, 陈一先, 等. 青藏高原侵蚀沟分类初探[J]. 水土保持学报, 2025,39(1):1-9.

LI Jianjun, JIAO Juying, CHEN Yixian, et al. Elementary Study on Gully Classification on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J]. 2025, 39(1): 1-9.
李建军, 焦菊英, 陈一先, 等. 青藏高原侵蚀沟分类初探[J]. 水土保持学报, 2025,39(1):1-9. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2025.01.027.

LI Jianjun, JIAO Juying, CHEN Yixian, et al. Elementary Study on Gully Classification on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J]. 2025, 39(1): 1-9. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2025.01.027.

摘要

目的传统的侵蚀沟分类体系集中在农业景观，青藏高原人类活动少，侵蚀沟主要发生在自然景观中，为提出一套因地制宜的、适应自然景观的青藏高原侵蚀沟分类体系。方法通过对一江两河地区、藏东南地区、藏北高原、三江源地区、河湟谷地、柴达木盆地、祁连山地等青藏高原典型地区开展大量的野外调查，并结合亚米级高分辨率遥感影像开展室内判读。结果区分成因或形态与侵蚀沟相近但非侵蚀沟的多种地貌，并基于侵蚀沟的规模、成因、所处地貌、形态等多个依据对其进行分类。根据侵蚀沟的规模将其划分为小型沟、中型沟、大型沟和巨型沟等；根据成因划分为降雨径流沟、融雪泥流沟、冰川沟、冻土热融沟和人类活动沟等；根据发育所处的地貌划分为陡坡沟、谷底沟、缓坡沟、悬沟、阶地沟、塬边沟和塬面沟等；根据形态划分为直线沟、弯曲沟、勺状沟、条状沟、拓宽状沟、窄长沟、宽短沟、放射状沟、平行状沟和树状沟等。结论初步提出一套适合青藏高原特点的多依据侵蚀沟综合分类原则，并建议以规模作为与黄土高原等其他地区侵蚀沟分类对比的主要依据，为青藏高原土壤侵蚀研究和生态环境保护提供支撑。

Abstract

Objective Traditional gully classification systems focus on agricultural landscapes. However

on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

where human activity is limited

gullies primarily occur in natural landscapes. Therefore

it is necessary to propose a tailored gully classification system that is suited to the natural landscapes of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Methods Extensive field investigations were conducted in typical regions of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

including the Yarlung Zangbo River and its two tributaries

the Southeast Xizang

the Qiangtang Plateau

the Three-River Headwaters region

the Hehuang Valley

the Qaidam Basin

and the Qilian Mountains. These field studies were complemented by indoor interpretations using sub-meter high-resolution remote sensing imagery.Results Various landforms that resemble but are not gullies in terms of genesis or morphology were identified and distinguished. The gullies were classified based on multiple criteria

including scale

genesis

the landform in which they developed

and morphology. The gullies were classified by scale into small

medium

large

and giant gullies; by genesis into rainfall-runoff gullies

snowmelt-mudflow gullies

glacial gullies

permafrost-thermal gullies

and human activity gullies; by the landform in which they developed into steep-slope gullies

valley-bottom gullies

gentle-slope gullies

cliff gullies

terrace gullies

tableland-edge gullies

and tableland-surface gullies; and by morphology into straight gullies

curved gullies

spoon-shaped gullies

strip-shaped gullies

widened gullies

narrow-long gullies

wide-short gullies

radial gullies

parallel gullies

and dendritic gullies.Conclusion This study preliminarily proposes a comprehensive gully classification system based on multiple criteria suitable for the characteristics of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. It suggests using scale as the primary basis for comparison with gully classification systems in other regions

such as the Loess Plateau

and provides support for soil erosion research and ecological environment protection on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.

关键词

Keywords

references

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