包膜氯化钾对土壤养分供应强度及玉米产量、品质的影响

刘平安; 胡晓敏; 陈思宇; 田野; 马雨彤; 罗心雨; 庄悦卓; 张敏; 张文睿; 冯志邦; 李泽丽; 陈琪; 刘之广; 张民

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2025.01.018

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包膜氯化钾对土壤养分供应强度及玉米产量、品质的影响

更新时间：2025-03-14

- 包膜氯化钾对土壤养分供应强度及玉米产量、品质的影响
- Effects of Coated Potassium Chloride on Soil Nutrient Supply Intensity, Maize Yield and Quality
- 水土保持学报 2025年39卷第1期页码：199-207
- 作者机构：
  
  土肥高效利用国家工程研究中心, 山东农业大学资源与环境学院,山东,泰安,271018
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "刘平安(2000—), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要从事植物营养与肥料研究。E-mail: 19860936858@163.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1700603)
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2025.01.018
  中图分类号： S157.1
- 纸质出版：2025
- 稿件说明：
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刘平安, 胡晓敏, 陈思宇, 等. 包膜氯化钾对土壤养分供应强度及玉米产量、品质的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2025,39(1):199-207.

LIU Pingan, HU Xiaomin, CHEN Siyu, et al. Effects of Coated Potassium Chloride on Soil Nutrient Supply Intensity, Maize Yield and Quality[J]. 2025, 39(1): 199-207.
刘平安, 胡晓敏, 陈思宇, 等. 包膜氯化钾对土壤养分供应强度及玉米产量、品质的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2025,39(1):199-207. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2025.01.018.

LIU Pingan, HU Xiaomin, CHEN Siyu, et al. Effects of Coated Potassium Chloride on Soil Nutrient Supply Intensity, Maize Yield and Quality[J]. 2025, 39(1): 199-207. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2025.01.018.

摘要

目的控释氯化钾可实现钾离子缓慢释放与作物吸收相同步，同时保证钾离子在土壤中的有效性，满足作物生育后期对钾素的需求，显著提高钾肥利用率。探究长期施用控释氯化钾及其掺混肥料对玉米产量及品质的影响，为实现玉米高质量生产提供技术支持。方法基于控释氯化钾应用于夏玉米(Zea mays L.，郑单958)的田间长期定位试验(始于2014年)，设不施钾肥(CK)、常量普通氯化钾(K)、常量聚氨酯包膜氯化钾(CRK1)、减钾量1/3聚氨酯包膜氯化钾(CRK2)、常量掺混氯化钾(BBF1)、减钾量1/3掺混氯化钾(BBF2)共6个处理。在抽雄期进行玉米生长、土壤供钾水平、吸钾能力、光合作用等相关指标的测定，在成熟期进行玉米品质、农学效益等相关指标测定。结果1) CRK1、BBF1、CRK2和BBF2较K处理，产量分别提高9.82%、12.06%、7.13%、10.68%，地上生物量分别提高9.22%、10.44%、4.16%、6.09%，经济效益分别提高16.29%、28.37%、14.15%、21.12%。2) CRK1和BBF1伤流钾离子质量分数较K处理分别提高19.93%、13.89%；CRK1和BBF2叶绿素SPAD值较K处理分别提升7.32%、6.59%；CRK1叶面积指数LAI值较K提升7.04%；CRK1和CRK2净光合速率较K分别提升18.58%、18.66%。3)与K处理相比，CRK1、BBF1、CRK2和BBF2淀粉质量分数分别提升4.27%、2.51%、9.32%、7.16%，油脂质量分数分别提高5.65%、3.11%、6.63%、5.92%；CRK1和CRK2粗蛋白质量分数分别提升4.23%、1.06%。与K处理相比，CRK1、BBF1、CRK2和BBF2，淀粉产量分别提升14.73%、19.10%、17.56%、18.96%，粗蛋白产量分别提升14.47%、14.04%、8.27%、8.03%，油脂产量分别提升16.03%、19.67%、14.27%、17.23%。结论控释氯化钾可满足玉米生长及品质形成对钾素的需求，改善玉米的生长情况，优化玉米籽粒的品质性状，与普通氯化钾掺混施用后显著提高玉米产量及钾肥利用效率，降低肥料投入成本，并且实现减量不减产、品质不下降的目的。

Abstract

ObjectiveControlled release of potassium chloride can achieve slow release of potassium ions synchronized with crop absorption

while ensuring the effectiveness of potassium ions in the soil

meeting the demand for potassium in the later stage of crop growth

and significantly improving the utilization rate of potassium fertilizer. Exploring the effects of long-term application of controlled-release of potassium chloride and its mixed fertilizers on maize yield and quality

providing technical support for achieving high-quality maize production.MethodsBased on the long-term field experiment of controlled release potassium chloride applied to summer maize (Zea mays L.

Zhengdan 958) (started in 2014)

six treatments were set up: no potassium fertilizer (CK)

constant ordinary potassium chloride (K)

constant polyurethane coated potassium chloride (CRK1)

1/3 potassium reduction polyurethane coated potassium chloride (CRK2)

constant mixed potassium chloride (BBF1) and 1/3 potassium reduction mixed potassium chloride (BBF2). Relevant indicators such as maize growth

soil potassium supply level

potassium uptake capacity

photosynthesis

etc. were measured during the tasseling stage

and relevant indicators such as maize quality and agronomic benefits were determined during the maturity stage.Results1) Compared with K treatment

CRK1

BBF1

CRK2

and BBF2 showed an increase in yield of 9.82%

12.06%

7.13% and 10.68%

respectively. The aboveground biomass increased by 9.22%

10.44%

4.16% and 6.09%

respectively

and the economic benefits increased by 16.29%

28.37%

14.15% and 21.12%

respectively. 2) The potassium ion content in CRK1 and BBF1 increased by 19.93% and 13.89% respectively compared to K treatment; The chlorophyll SPAD values of CRK1 and BBF2 increased by 7.32% and 6.59% compared to K treatment; The leaf area index LAI value of CRK1 increased by 7.04% compared to K; The net photosynthetic rate of CRK1 and CRK2 increased by 18.58% and 18.66% compared to K. 3) Compared with K treatment

the starch content of CRK1

BBF1

CRK2

and BBF2 increased by 4.27%

2.51%

9.32% and 7.16%

respectively

while the oil content increased by 5.65%

3.11%

6.63% and 5.92%

respectively; The crude protein content of CRK1 and CRK2 increased by 4.23% and 1.06% respectively compared to K treatment. Compared with K treatment

CRK1

BBF1

CRK2

and BBF2 increased starch production by 14.73%

19.10%

17.56% and 18.96%

crude protein production by 14.47%

14.04%

8.27% and 8.03%

and oil production by 16.03%

19.67%

14.27% and 17.23%

respectively.ConclusionControlled release potassium chloride can meet the potassium requirements for maize growth and quality formation

improve maize growth

optimize maize grain quality traits

and significantly improve maize yield and potassium fertilizer utilization efficiency when mixed with ordinary potassium chloride. It also reduces fertilizer input costs and achieves the goal of reducing production and quality.

关键词

Keywords

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