喀斯特玉米坡耕地产流产沙对坡度的响应

吴光琴; 戴全厚; 王勇; 丁鹏玮; 姚一文

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.06.015

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喀斯特玉米坡耕地产流产沙对坡度的响应

更新时间：2025-02-18

- 喀斯特玉米坡耕地产流产沙对坡度的响应
- Response of Runoff and Sediment Yield from Maize Slope Farmland in Karst Areas to Slope Gradient
- 水土保持学报 2024年38卷第6期页码：13-22
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 贵州大学林学院,贵阳,550025
  2. 贵州大学土壤侵蚀与生态修复研究中心,贵阳,550025
  3. 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司,上海,200050
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "吴光琴(1999—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事喀斯特土壤侵蚀与水土保持研究。E-mail:gs.wugq23@gzu.edu.cn" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目(42167044)
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.06.015
  中图分类号： S157.1
- 纸质出版：2024
- 稿件说明：
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吴光琴, 戴全厚, 王勇, 等. 喀斯特玉米坡耕地产流产沙对坡度的响应[J]. 水土保持学报, 2024,38(6):13-22.

WU Guangqin, DAI Quanhou, WANG Yong, et al. Response of Runoff and Sediment Yield from Maize Slope Farmland in Karst Areas to Slope Gradient[J]. 2024, 38(6): 13-22.
吴光琴, 戴全厚, 王勇, 等. 喀斯特玉米坡耕地产流产沙对坡度的响应[J]. 水土保持学报, 2024,38(6):13-22. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.06.015.

WU Guangqin, DAI Quanhou, WANG Yong, et al. Response of Runoff and Sediment Yield from Maize Slope Farmland in Karst Areas to Slope Gradient[J]. 2024, 38(6): 13-22. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.06.015.

摘要

[目的] 为揭示喀斯特地区玉米坡耕地地表、壤中、地下3种独特的水文路径对坡度的响应。[方法] 以贵州省喀斯特玉米坡耕地为研究对象

采用人工模拟降雨试验方法

在相同降雨强度(60 mm/h)条件下

不同坡度(5°

10°

15°

20°

25°)对各水文路径产流产沙规律的影响。[结果] (1)地表产流产沙与坡度呈极显著正相关(p＜0.01)

地表最大产流模数和最大输沙模数分别为0.18 L/(min·m2)、13.12 g/(min·m2)

地表产沙在10~30 min由面蚀演变为细沟侵蚀。(2)壤中流在中等坡度(15°)时径流系数最大(49%)

可能导致土体稳定性降低

与此同时壤中产流、产沙量与坡度均呈极显著正相关(p＜0.01)。虽然地下产流、产沙与坡度关系不显著

但地下产流占比受坡度影响最大。(3)地表产沙总量均大于壤中和地下产沙总量

3种不同水文路径(地表、壤中、地下)与坡度的拟合关系为地表径流>壤中径流>地下径流。[结论] 在喀斯特地区的玉米坡耕地中

随着坡度的增加

不同土层的水土流失规律表现出不一致性

且水土流失形式主要以地表侵蚀为主、地下漏失为辅

玉米冠层能在低坡度时减缓地表土壤侵蚀形式的演变。研究结果可为喀斯特玉米坡耕地水土流失估算及玉米种植策略等提供理论参考依据。

Abstract

[Objective] To elucidate the responses of surface runoff

subsurface runoff

and underground runoff hydrological pathways to slope in maize sloping farmland in Karst regions. [Methods] Taking the karst maize slope in Guizhou Province as the research object

the artificial simulated rainfall test method was used to investigate the effects of different slopes (5°

10°

15°

20°

25°) on the runoff and sediment yield patterns of various hydrological pathways under the same rainfall intensity (60 mm/h). [Results] (1) Surface runoff and sediment yield showed a very significant positive correlation with slope gradient at the level of 0.01(p＜0.01). The maximum runoff modulus and maximum sediment yield modulus were 0.18 L/(min·m2) and 13.12 g/(min·m2) respectively. Surface sediment yield changed from sheet erosion to rill erosion during the 10~30 min period. (2) The maximum runoff coefficient was 49% when the subsurface runoff was at a moderate slope (15°)

and there was a highly significant positive correlation between runoff yield

as well as sediment yieldand slope gradient. Although the correlation between underground runoff or sediment production and slope gradient was not significant

the proportion of underground runoff was still affected the greatest by slope gradient. (3) The total sediment yield on the surface was greater than that in the soil layer and subsurface. The fitting relationship between the three different hydrological paths (surface

soil layer

and subsurface) and slope gradient was surface runoff > interflow > subsurface runoff. [Conclusion] In the maize slope farmland in karst areas

as the slope gradient increases

the soil erosion patterns of different soil layers show inconsistency

and the main form of soil erosion is surface erosion

supplemented by underground leakage. The maize canopy can slow down the evolution of surface soil erosion forms at small slope gradients. The research results can provide theoretical reference for estimating soil erosion in karst maize sloping farmland and maize planting strategies.

关键词

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references

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