重庆市土地利用变化特征及生态敏感性评价

谢贤健; 苟千陶; 吴汉

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.06.013

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重庆市土地利用变化特征及生态敏感性评价

更新时间：2025-02-18

- 重庆市土地利用变化特征及生态敏感性评价
- Characteristics of Land Use Change and Evaluation of Ecological Sensitivity in Chongqing
- 水土保持学报 2024年38卷第6期页码：178-194
- 作者机构：
  
  内江师范学院地理与资源科学学院,四川,内江,641112
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "谢贤健(1978—),男,博士,教授,主要从事3S技术及应用。E-mail:249983710@qq.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目(42207413);长江科学院开放研究基金项目(CKWV2017523/KY)
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.06.013
  中图分类号： F293.2
- 纸质出版：2024
- 稿件说明：
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谢贤健, 苟千陶, 吴汉. 重庆市土地利用变化特征及生态敏感性评价[J]. 水土保持学报, 2024,38(6):178-194.

XIE Xianjian, GOU Qiantao, WU Han. Characteristics of Land Use Change and Evaluation of Ecological Sensitivity in Chongqing[J]. 2024, 38(6): 178-194.
谢贤健, 苟千陶, 吴汉. 重庆市土地利用变化特征及生态敏感性评价[J]. 水土保持学报, 2024,38(6):178-194. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.06.013.

XIE Xianjian, GOU Qiantao, WU Han. Characteristics of Land Use Change and Evaluation of Ecological Sensitivity in Chongqing[J]. 2024, 38(6): 178-194. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.06.013.

摘要

[目的] 重庆市作为我国长江上游地区经济中心及保障长江中下游生态安全的屏障

是我国典型的生态功能区和生态脆弱区

研究其土地利用的变化特征及生态敏感性对研究区土地利用重构及生态环境保护具有重要意义。[方法] 利用2000年、2010年、2020年3期遥感数据

基于ArcGIS、Fragstats等软件

应用耦合空间距离指数模型、空间自相关分析、地理探测器模型、格网编码等方法综合评价重庆市生态敏感性。[结果] (1)研究区景观基质主要以耕地为主

占全区面积45%以上

2000—2020年

耕地、草地大面积减少

林地、城乡建设用地面积显著增加。(2)2000—2020年

综合生态敏感性指数平均值从1.037上升到1.045

表明研究区生态环境整体得到改善;空间自相关分析显示重庆市综合生态敏感性全局Moran’s I指数均>0

说明综合生态敏感性空间异质性明显

呈现为由内向外逐级递减的变化趋势

高度敏感和较高敏感主要集中在渝西地区、渝东新城、渝东北三峡库区;敏感性等级显著变化的区域位于中心城区和渝东南武陵山区。(3)研究区综合生态敏感性的时空演变是自然环境因素和社会经济因素共同作用的结果;单因子检测结果显示年平均气温、土壤类型及土地利用程度综合指数为主要的驱动因子;交互探测结果均表现为双因子增强和非线性增强

年平均气温、年降水量、第一产业增加值、人均GDP、土壤类型的交互作用对综合生态敏感性的影响具有显著的协同增强作用。[结论] 根据综合生态敏感性时空演变特征

将重庆市划分为综合发展区、生态改善区、潜在治理区、生态退化区及严格保护区5个区域

并针对性提出治理措施

研究结果可以为重庆市生态安全格局重构及可持续发展提供理论支撑和决策依据。

Abstract

[Objective] Chongqing

as the economic center of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in China and a barrier to ensure ecological security in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River

is a typical ecological functional and fragile area in China. Studying the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and ecological sensitivity of its land use is of great significance for the reconstruction of land use and ecological protection in the research area. [Methods] A comprehensive assessment of the ecological sensitivity of Chongqing City was conducted by using remote sensing data from the years 2000

2010 and 2020. This evaluation integrated various analytical approaches with software tools such as ArcGIS and Fragstat. Specifically

the Coupled Spatial Distance Index Model

Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis

Geodetector Model

and Grid Coding techniques were applied to evaluate the ecological sensitivity comprehensively. [Results] (1) In the study area

the landscape matrix was predominantly composed of farmland

accounting for more than 45% of the total area. There had been a significant reduction in both cropland and grassland

while the areas of forest land and urban-rural construction land had increased markedly from 2000 to 2020. (2) Over the course of 20 years

the average value of the comprehensive ecological sensitivity index rose from 1.037 to 1.045

indicating an overall improvement in the ecological environment of the study area. Spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed that the Global Moran’s I index for the comprehensive ecological sensitivity in Chongqing consistently exceeded 0

indicating a clear spatial heterogeneity in the sensitivity. Specifically

sensitivity decreased in a stepwise manner from the inner to the outer regions. Areas of high and very high sensitivity were predominantly found in the western part of Chongqing

the eastern new town

and the northeastern Three Gorges Reservoir area. Regions with significant changes in sensitivity levels were located in the central urban area and the southeastern Wuling Mountainous area of Chongqing. (3) The temporal and spatial evolution of comprehensive ecological sensitivity in the study area was the result of the joint action of natural environmental factors and social economic factors. Single-factor detection results indicate that the comprehensive index of average temperature

soil type

and land use degree were the main driving factors. The results of interactive exploration showed both linear and nonlinear enhancements

and the impact of the interaction between average temperature

annual rainfall

first industry added value

and per capita GDP on comprehensive ecological sensitivity showed a significant synergistic enhancement effect. [Conclusion] Based on the characteristics of ecological sensitivity spatial and temporal evolution in the study area

Chongqing City is divided into five zones

i.e. the comprehensive development zone

ecological improvement zone

potential governance zone

ecological regression zone

and strict protection zone

and corresponding measures are proposed for each zone. The research findings can provide theoretical support and decision-making basis for the reconstruction of ecological security pattern and sustainable development of Chongqing.

关键词

Keywords

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