七一冰川融水径流中悬移质与推移质动态输沙特征

赵怡; 王宁练; 吴松柏; 张泉; 石晨烈; 赵明杰

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.05.039

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

七一冰川融水径流中悬移质与推移质动态输沙特征

更新时间：2025-02-18

- 七一冰川融水径流中悬移质与推移质动态输沙特征
- Dynamic Characteristics of Suspended Load and Bed Load Transport in Meltwater Runoff of Qiyi Glacier
- 水土保持学报 2024年38卷第5期页码：236-243
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 陕西省地表系统与环境承载力重点实验室,西安,710127
  2. 西北大学城市与环境学院, 地表系统与灾害研究院, 七一冰川观测基地,西安,710127
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "赵怡(2000—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事青藏高原水沙研究。E-mail:zhaoyi20220222@163.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目(42130516,42007056);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK020102)
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.05.039
  中图分类号： P343.6
- 纸质出版：2024
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
赵怡, 王宁练, 吴松柏, 等. 七一冰川融水径流中悬移质与推移质动态输沙特征[J]. 水土保持学报, 2024,38(5):236-243.

ZHAO Yi, WANG Ninglian, WU Songbai, et al. Dynamic Characteristics of Suspended Load and Bed Load Transport in Meltwater Runoff of Qiyi Glacier[J]. 2024, 38(5): 236-243.
赵怡, 王宁练, 吴松柏, 等. 七一冰川融水径流中悬移质与推移质动态输沙特征[J]. 水土保持学报, 2024,38(5):236-243. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.05.039.

ZHAO Yi, WANG Ninglian, WU Songbai, et al. Dynamic Characteristics of Suspended Load and Bed Load Transport in Meltwater Runoff of Qiyi Glacier[J]. 2024, 38(5): 236-243. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.05.039.

摘要

[目的] 冰川融水输沙不仅可以反映冰川侵蚀速率

而且是下游河流泥沙的重要来源之一

因此

认识青藏高原地区冰川融水径流中悬移质和推移质动态输沙特征对于冰川地貌演化预测和下游防灾减灾工作具有十分重要的意义。[方法] 基于2023年8月11—24日七一冰川下游河道的水文泥沙实测数据

分别构建流量—水位、悬移质含沙量—流量和单宽推移质输沙率—水流剪切应力之间的相关关系

进而重建整个研究时段的流量、悬移质和推移质动态输沙过程。[结果] 七一冰川融水径流中悬移质含沙量和推移质输沙率受径流变化控制

日变化十分剧烈。悬移质含沙量每日最小值一般出现在10:00

最大值出现在16:00

中值粒径约为0.3 mm。推移质输沙过程与悬移质含沙量的日变化趋势基本相同

但推移质中值粒径远大于悬移质

约12 mm

而且在每日05:00—09:00时段

由于水流搬运能力的限制

没有推移质输沙。就输沙量而言

七一冰川融水输沙以悬移质泥沙为主

推移质日输沙量远小于悬移质日输沙量

约占悬移质日输沙量的1.73%~2.81%。冰面气温是影响冰川融水径流量、悬移质含沙量和推移质输沙率的关键因素

随着冰面气温的增加

径流量和悬移质含沙量均呈线性增加趋势而推移质输沙率呈指数函数增加趋势。[结论] 在未来气候变化情景下冰川融水径流增加时

七一冰川融水径流中悬移质和推移质输沙均将变得更加显著

值得更加重视。

Abstract

[Objective] The transportation of sediment via glacial meltwater can not only reflect the glacial erosion and landform evolution

but also is one of the important sediment sources for the downstream river. Thus

understanding the suspended sediment and bedload dynamics in glacier meltwater runoff on the Tibetan Plateau is significant for predicting glacier landform evolution and conducting downstream disaster prevention and mitigation efforts. [Methods] To achieve the goal

the variations of flow discharge

sediment concentration of suspended load

and bed load transport rate per unit width were monitored at the downstream channel of Qiyi Glacier in the Qilian Mountains from August 11 to 24

2023. Based on the observed data

the relationship curves of flow discharge-water level

sediment concentration of suspended load-flow discharge

and unit bed load transport rate-flow shear stress were developed to obtain the variations of both water flow and sediment transport throughout the study period. [Results] The sediment concentration of suspended load and the bed load transport rate in the downstream channel of Qiyi Glacier are predominantly influenced by the variations in meltwater runoff

exhibiting pronounced daily fluctuations. The daily nadir of suspended sediment concentration is observed around 10:00

while the acme occurs around 16:00. The median particle size of the sediments is approximately 0.3 mm

indicating a fine-grained sediment composition. The variation trend of bed load transport rate versus time is almost the same to the suspended load

excepting at 05:00-09:00. During this period

there is no bed load in the channel since the flow shear stress is insufficient to mobilize and transport the bed load. Note that the median particle size of bed load is about 12 mm. The sediment transport in the downstream channel of Qiyi Glacier is primarily dominated by suspended sediment

and the daily sediment transport amount of bedload is much smaller than that of suspended sediment

accounting for only 1.73%~2.81% of the daily sediment transport amount of suspended sediment. Air temperature of glacier is a critical factor influencing the flow discharge of glacier meltwater

the sediment concentration of suspended load

and the transport rate of bed load. Moreover

as air temperature of glacier rises

both the flow discharge and suspended sediment concentration display linear increasing trends

while the bed load transport rate exhibits an exponential increase. [Conclusion] This implies that

in future climate change scenarios

where the flow discharge of glacier meltwater increases

the suspended and bed loads transport within the Qiyi Glacier meltwater will become more significant and deserve more attentions.

关键词

Keywords

references

张凡,史晓楠,曾辰,等.青藏高原河流输沙量变化与影响[J].中国科学院院刊,2019,34(11):1274-1284. ZHANG F, SHI X N, ZENG C, et al. Variation and influence of riverine sediment transport from Tibetan Plateau, China[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2019,34(11):1274-1284.

LI D F, LU X X, OVEREEM I, et al. Exceptional increases in fluvial sediment fluxes in a warmer and wetter High Mountain Asia[J].Science,2021,374(6567):599-603.

HERMAN F, DE DONCKER F, DELANEY I, et al. The impact of glaciers on mountain erosion[J].Nature Reviews Earth and Environment,2021,2(6):422-435.

陈同德,焦菊英,王颢霖,等.青藏高原土壤侵蚀研究进展[J].土壤学报,2020,57(3):547-564. CHEN T D, JIAO J Y, WANG H L, et al. Progress in research on soil erosion in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2020,57(3):547-564.

PATTON H, HUBBARD A, HEYMAN J, et al. The extreme yet transient nature of glacial erosion[J].Nature Communications,2022,13(1):e7377.

ZHANG T, LI D F, EAST A E, et al. Warming-driven erosion and sediment transport in cold regions[J].Nature Reviews Earth and Environment,2022,3(12):832-851.

SWIFT D A, TALLENTIRE G D, FARINOTTI D, et al. The hydrology of glacier-bed overdeepenings:Sediment transport mechanics,drainage system morphology,and geomorphological implications[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2021,46(11):2264-2278.

DELANEY I, ADHIKARI S. Increased subglacial sediment discharge in a warming climate: Consideration of ice dynamics, glacial erosion, and fluvial sediment transport[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2020,47(7):e2019GL085672.

姚檀栋,邬光剑,徐柏青,等."亚洲水塔" 变化与影响[J].中国科学院院刊,2019,34(11):1203-1209. YAO T D, WU G J, XU B Q, et al. Asian water tower change and its impacts[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2019,34(11):1203-1209.

王宁练,姚檀栋,徐柏青,等.全球变暖背景下青藏高原及周边地区冰川变化的时空格局与趋势及影响[J].中国科学院院刊,2019,34(11):1220-1232. WANG N L, YAO T D, XU B Q, et al. Spatiotemporal pattern, trend, and influence of glacier change in Tibetan Plateau and surroundings under global warming[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2019,34(11):1220-1232.

邓春燕,李向应,苏昊海,等.21世纪全球冰川将加速消融[J].科学通报,2024,69(14):1810-1812. DENG C Y, LI X Y, SU H H, et al. Globally glacier melt will accelerate in the 21st century[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2024,69(14):1810-1812.

YıLMAZ K, DINÇER A E, KALPAKC V, et al. Debris flow modelling and hazard assessment for a glacier area: A case study in Barsem, Tajikistan[J].Natural Hazards,2023,115(3):2577-2601.

HIRSCHBERG J, FATICHI S, BENNETT G L, et al. Climate change impacts on ??つ??扥牮?嬠??嵥?????乤?奤??????啦??剷????坩?剩??删??????敡瑬?慩汮??剣敡杴楣潨湭慥汮?慛湊摝?慊湯湵畲慮污?瘠慯牦椠慇扥楯汰楨瑹祳?楣湡?猠畒扥杳汥慡捲楣慨氺?獅敡摲楴浨攠湓瑵?瑦牡慣湥猬瀲漰爲琱?戱礲?眨愱琩攺牥′昰漲爰?瑆眰漰‵朷氳愹挮椠攼牢獲￣楛渱?瑝栠敓?协睔楔猠獔??汍灏獕孎?崠??爠潁湬瑰楩敮牥猠?楲湯??慡牣瑩桡?匠捳極敳湰捥敮??つㄠ????敭?????批牮?孭??嵳?剩??????????????????剬??佩副???剥???乮??删卉佭买?剩?卡??敯瑮?愠汦??匠敧摬楯浢敡湬琠?敡癲慭捩畮慧瑛楊潝渮?慯湵摲?条汬愠捯楦愠汈?敤牲潯獬楯潧湹?爲愰琰攷猬″愳琲?愳?猴洩愺氲氵?愭氲瀷椰渮攼?杲氾慛挱椵敝爠孵?崞??漟町爬滩慷氜?潉昮??敱漺炰棝禳獁榬揻懥沙?劓旻獹斁慛牊捝栮??懝爁琚梥?匲田爲昱愬挴攱?社〩???????????敁????じ??MA W Q, HAN H D, et al. Suspended sediment transport characteristics of glacial rivers in alpine mountainous areas[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2021,41(3):94-102.

COVIELLO V, VIGNOLI G, SIMONI S, et al. Bedload fluxes in a glacier-fed river at multiple temporal scales[J].Water Resources Research,2022,58(10):e2021WR031873.

PEROLO P, BAKKER M, GABBUD C, et al. Subglacial sediment production and snout marginal ice uplift during the late ablation season of a temperate valley glacier[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2019,44(5):1117-1136.

王盛,姚檀栋,蒲健辰.祁连山七一冰川物质平衡的时空变化特征[J].自然资源学报,2020,35(2):399-412. WANG S, YAO T D, PU J C. Spatial and temporal variations in mass balance of Qiyi Glacier in Qilian Mountains[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2020,35(2):399-412.

ZHANG T, LI D F, KETTNER A J, et al. Constraining dynamic sediment-discharge relationships in cold environments: The sediment-availability-transport (SAT) model[J].Water Resources Research,2021,57(10):e2021WR030690.

DEY S, ALI S Z, PADHI E. Bedload transport from analytical and turbulence phenomenological perspectives[J].International Journal of Sediment Research,2019,34(6):509-530.

SCHNEIDER J M, RICKENMANN D, TUROWSKI J M, et al. Applicability of bed load transport models for mixed-size sediments in steep streams considering macro-roughness[J].Water Resources Research,2015,51(7):5260-5283.

HARITASHYA U K, SINGH P, KUMAR N, et al. Suspended sediment from the Gangotri Glacier: Quantification, variability and associations with discharge and air temperature[J].Journal of Hydrology,2006,321(1/2/3/4):116-

浏览量

151

下载量

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

黄土高原植被NEP时空变化及对气温降水和退耕还林（草）的响应

青藏高原典型区1970—2025年切沟发育特征及其影响因素

纳帕海高原湿地土壤铁结合态有机碳随水位下降的分布特征

基于无人机的黄土丘陵沟壑区极端降雨条件下小流域道路切沟侵蚀模拟和特征

2005—2021年大河坝流域极端气候及其对滑坡的影响