黄土高原地区水土流失对土地利用和降水变化的响应

李澳; 于志静; 王德富; 上官周平; 邓蕾

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.04.001

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黄土高原地区水土流失对土地利用和降水变化的响应

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 黄土高原地区水土流失对土地利用和降水变化的响应
- Response of Soil and Water Loss to Land Use and Precipitation Changes on the Loess Plateau
- 水土保持学报 2024年38卷第4期页码：95-102
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 西北农林科技大学水土保持科学与工程学院(水土保持研究所)黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌,712100
  2. 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌,712100
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "李澳(1999―),男,硕士,主要从事植被恢复的生态效应研究。E-mail:2021051510@nwafu.edu.cn" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金联合基金重点项目(U2243225)
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.04.001
  中图分类号： S157.1
- 纸质出版：2024
- 稿件说明：
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李澳, 于志静, 王德富, 等. 黄土高原地区水土流失对土地利用和降水变化的响应[J]. 水土保持学报, 2024,38(4):95-102.

LI Ao, YU Zhijing, WANG Defu, et al. Response of Soil and Water Loss to Land Use and Precipitation Changes on the Loess Plateau[J]. 2024, 38(4): 95-102.
李澳, 于志静, 王德富, 等. 黄土高原地区水土流失对土地利用和降水变化的响应[J]. 水土保持学报, 2024,38(4):95-102. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.04.001.

LI Ao, YU Zhijing, WANG Defu, et al. Response of Soil and Water Loss to Land Use and Precipitation Changes on the Loess Plateau[J]. 2024, 38(4): 95-102. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.04.001.

摘要

[目的] 为阐明不同降雨类型下各土地利用类型产流产沙规律

评估不同降雨类型下各土地利用类型的减流减沙效益。[方法] 基于黄土高原地区自然降雨条件下31个径流场连续2年(2015—2016年)的径流量和土壤流失量监测数据

探讨不同土地利用类型(农地、撂荒地、人工草地、自然草地、灌丛地、人工林地)的产流产沙特征

明确不同降雨类型下各土地利用类型的减流减沙效率。[结果] 年降雨尺度下撂荒地径流量与土壤流失量最大(30 mm

86 t/hm2)

人工林地最小(8 mm

24 t/hm2)

其他土地利用类型无显著差异。次降雨尺度下

通过聚类分析根据降雨历时、30 min最大降雨强度和降雨强度将120场降雨分为3个降雨类型。降雨类型Ⅰ:降雨历时适中(749 min)

降雨量适中(35.4 mm)

降雨强度适中(16.9 mm/h);降雨类型Ⅱ:降雨历时短(222 min)

降雨量适中(25.2 mm)

降雨强度大(23.8 mm/h);降雨类型Ⅲ:降雨历时长(1 451 min)

降雨量大(40.6 mm)

降雨强度低(11.5 mm/h)

发现径流系数在3种降雨类型下表现为Ⅱ>Ⅲ>Ⅰ

土壤流失量表现为Ⅱ>Ⅰ>Ⅲ。降雨类型Ⅰ灌丛地产生的径流系数显著高于其他土地利用类型

达到17.7%

是人工林地的2.36倍;降雨类型Ⅱ下各土地利用类型径流系数无显著差异

平均径流系数为19.9%;降雨类型Ⅲ撂荒地、人工草地、自然草地与农地的径流系数(平均14.3%)显著高于灌丛地与人工林地(平均9.0%);农地、人工草地、灌丛地和人工林地在降雨类型Ⅱ产生的土壤流失量(3.94

0.87

1.06

1.08 t/hm2)＞降雨类型Ⅰ(1.60

0.60

0.59

0.63 t/hm2)＞降雨类型Ⅲ(0.09

0.20

0.06

0.04 t/hm2)。[结论] 在黄土高原地区

中低雨强的中长历时降雨条件下人工林地是有效控制水土流失的首选

在短历时强降雨条件下灌丛地与草地水土保持效果较好。

Abstract

[Objective] In order to clarify the law of sediment yield and sediment loss of different land use types under different rainfall types

and to evaluate the benefit of sediment reduction of different land use types under different rainfall types. [Methods] Based on the monitoring data of runoff and soil loss under natural rainfall conditions over 2015—2016 in 31 runoff plots located in the Loess Plateau of China the characteristics of sediment yield and loss in different land use types

including farmlands

abandoned lands

artificial grasslands

natural grasslands

shrublands and artificial forest lands were discussed. The efficiency of runoff and sediment reduction for each land use type under different rainfall types was determined. [Results] The runoff and soil loss of abandoned lands were the largest (30 mm

86 t/hm2) and artificial forest lands were the smallest (8 mm

24 t/hm2) under the annual rainfall scale

and there was no significant difference between other land use types. Through the application of duster analysis a total of 120 rainfall events were categorized into three distinct rainfall types based on criteria that included amount

duration

and maximum intensity of rainfall in a 30-minute period. That is

Rainfall Type I: characterised by moderate rainfall duration (749 min)

moderate rainfall volume (35.4 mm)

and moderate rainfall intensity (16.9 mm/h); Rainfall Type II: comprising short-duration rainfall (222 min)

moderate rainfall volume (25.2 mm)

and intense rainfall intensity (23.8 mm/h); Rainfall Type III: involving a long duration of rainfall (1 451 min)

substantial rainfall volume (40.6 mm)

but low intensity of rainfall (11.5 mm/h). When considering the impact of these types of rainfall within the given scale

the study observed the following trends

for the runoff coefficient

exhibiting Rainfall Type II > Rainfall Type III > Rainfall Type I

while for soil loss

exhibiting Rainfall Type II > Rainfall Type I > Rainfall Type III. The runoff coefficient of Rainfall Type I was significantly higher than that of other land use types

reaching 17.7%

which was 2.36 times that of artificial forest land. There were no significant difference in runoff coefficient under Rainfall Type II

and the average runoff coefficient was 19.9%. The runoff coefficient of abandoned lands

artificial grasslands

natural grasslands

and farmlands (average of 14.3%) was significantly higher than that of shrublands and artificial forest lands (averaging at 9.0%). The soil loss of famlands

artificial grasslands

shmblands and artificial forest lands under Rainfall Type II (3.94

0.87

1.06

1.08 t/hm2) > Rainfall Type I (1.60

0.60

0.59

0.63 t/hm2) > Rainfall Type III (0.09

0.20

0.06

0.04 t/hm2). [Conclusion] In the Loess Plateau

the artificial forest land was the first choice to control soil and water loss effectively under the condition of medium-low rainfall intensity and medium-long duration rainfall

and the soil and water conservation effect of shrubland and grassland was better under short-duration heavy rainfall.

关键词

Keywords

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