有机肥等氮替代化肥对春玉米生长、产量和水肥利用效率的影响

陈梦茹; 邢英英; 解云霞; 刘栩柠; 邵雅婷; 李珊珊; 赵天盛; 卢杰; 王秀康

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.03.022

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有机肥等氮替代化肥对春玉米生长、产量和水肥利用效率的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 有机肥等氮替代化肥对春玉米生长、产量和水肥利用效率的影响
- Effects of Organic Manure and Other Nitrogen Substitutes on Spring Maize Growth, Yield, and Water and Fertilizer Utilization Efficiency
- 水土保持学报 2024年38卷第3期页码：369-381
- 作者机构：
  
  延安大学生命科学学院,陕西,延安,716000
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "陈梦茹(1999—),女,河南安阳人,硕士研究生,主要从事旱区水肥高效利用研究。E-mail:zggmcmr123@163.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目(52169014,42107379);延安大学研究生教育创新计划项目(YCX2023077);延安大学大学生创新计划项目(S202310719019)
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.03.022
  中图分类号： S274.1
- 纸质出版：2024
- 稿件说明：
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陈梦茹, 邢英英, 解云霞, 等. 有机肥等氮替代化肥对春玉米生长、产量和水肥利用效率的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2024,38(3):369-381.

CHEN Mengru, XING Yingying, XIE Yunxia, et al. Effects of Organic Manure and Other Nitrogen Substitutes on Spring Maize Growth, Yield, and Water and Fertilizer Utilization Efficiency[J]. 2024, 38(3): 369-381.
陈梦茹, 邢英英, 解云霞, 等. 有机肥等氮替代化肥对春玉米生长、产量和水肥利用效率的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2024,38(3):369-381. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.03.022.

CHEN Mengru, XING Yingying, XIE Yunxia, et al. Effects of Organic Manure and Other Nitrogen Substitutes on Spring Maize Growth, Yield, and Water and Fertilizer Utilization Efficiency[J]. 2024, 38(3): 369-381. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.03.022.

摘要

[目的] 为探究不同施氮量下有机肥等氮替代化肥对陕北旱区春玉米生长、产量和水肥利用效率的影响。[方法] 采用多元回归分析和三维拟合模型

以期建立陕北地区春玉米种植最佳氮肥管理模式。设置3个施氮水平(N1、N2、N3分别为240

180

120 kg/hm2)和5个有机肥等氮替代比例(R0、R12.5、R25、R37.5、R50分别为100%化肥氮、12.5%有机肥氮+87.5%化肥氮、25%有机肥氮+75%化肥氮、37.5%有机肥氮+62.5%化肥氮、50%有机肥氮+50%化肥氮)

共15个处理。在春玉米主要生育期测定春玉米生长、产量及产量构成要素

计算生育期耗水量(ET)、水分利用效率(WUE)、氮肥偏生产力(NPFP)及经济效益。[结果] Logistic函数对春玉米干物质累积量具有较高的拟合度

R 12.5处理可推迟干物质快速积累期的起点、终点和最大值出现的时间

N2处理可提升干物质累积量的日最大增长速率。施氮量和替代比例对春玉米干物质累积量、产量及构成要素、ET、NPFP和经济效益有显著影响(p＜0.05)

两者交互作用对穗长、穗粗、ET的影响显著(p＜0.05)。N2处理的平均干物质累积量、产量、ET、净收入分别比N1和N3处理提高5.58%和15.80%

4.25%和16.76%

4.96%和3.41%

8.76%和29.42%。有机替代比例为12.5%~37.5%的处理可显著提升干物质累积量、产量及构成要素、ET、WUE、NPFP、净收入、产投比。随着施氮量增加

WUE上升

而NPFP降低。处理N2R25的干物质累积量、ET最高

处理N2R37.5的产量、净收入、产投比最高。春玉米产量与干物质累积量、ET、WUE、净收入、产投比呈显著正相关。[结论] 综合分析得到

在施氮量和替代比例区间分别为190~210 kg/hm2和17%~29%时

可使春玉米干物质累积量、产量、WUE、NPFP、净收入同时优化。

Abstract

[Objective] This study was aimed to investigate the effects of organic manure replacing chemical fertilizer with equal nitrogen under different nitrogen application rates on the growth

yield and water-fertilizer use efficiency of spring maize in the dry zone of northern Shaanxi. [Methods] Multiple regression analysis and three-dimensional fitting models were used to establishing an optimal nitrogen management model for spring maize cultivation in northern Shaanxi. In this experiment

three nitrogen application levels (240

180

120 kg/hm2 for N1

respectively) and five organic manure replacing chemical fertilizer with equal nitrogen ratios (R0

R12.5

R25

R37.5

R50 for 100% chemical fertilizer nitrogen

12.5% organic fertilizer nitrogen+87.5% chemical fertilizer nitrogen

25% organic fertilizer nitrogen+75% chemical fertilizer nitrogen

37.5% organic fertilizer nitrogen+62.5% chemical fertilizer nitrogen

50% organic fertilizer nitrogen+50% chemical fertilizer nitrogen

respectively )

a total of 15 treatments. During the main reproductive period of spring maize

spring maize growth and yield and yield components were measured

and water consumption (ET)

water use efficiency (WUE)

nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity (NPFP) and economic benefits were calculated. [Results] The Logistic function had a high fit for dry matter accumulation in spring maize

the R12.5 treatment delayed the start

the end and the appearance of the maximum value of the period of rapid dry matter accumulation

and the N2 treatment enhanced the maximum daily growth rate of dry matter accumulation. Nitrogen application and replacement ratio significantly affected dry matter accumulation

yield and components

NPFP and economic efficiency of spring maize (p＜0.05)

and the interaction significantly affected ear length

ear coarse

and ET (p＜0.05). The average dry matter accumulation

yield

and net income of N2 treatment were higher than those of the N1 and N3 treatment 5.58% and 15.80%

4.25% and 16.76%

4.96% and 3.41%

8.76% and 29.42%

respectively. R12.5%~R37.5% treatment significantly enhanced dry matter accumulation

yield and components

WUE

NPFP

net income and input/output. WUE continued to increase with increasing N application

while NPFP continued to decrease. Treatment N2R25 had the highest dry matter accumulation and ET

and treatment N2R37.5 had the highest yield

net income

and input/output. Spring maize yield was significantly and positively correlated with dry matter accumulation

WUE

net income and input/output. [Conclusion] The comprehensive analysis obtained showed that dry matter accumulation

yield

WUE

NPFP

and net income of spring maize could be optimized simultaneously at the N application and replacement ratio intervals of 190~210 kg/hm2 and 17%~29%

respectively.

关键词

Keywords

references

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