草原干涸湖床地表粒度特征及其对沙尘释放的影响

李思瑶; 蒙仲举; 祁帅

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.02.022

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草原干涸湖床地表粒度特征及其对沙尘释放的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 草原干涸湖床地表粒度特征及其对沙尘释放的影响
- Surface Particle Size Characteristics of Dry Lake Beds in Grasslands and Their Effects on Dust Release
- 水土保持学报 2024年38卷第2期页码：38-46
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院,呼和浩特,010018
  2. 内蒙古财经大学旅游学院,呼和浩特,010018
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目(42067015)
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.02.022
  中图分类号： P931.1
- 纸质出版：2024
- 稿件说明：
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李思瑶, 蒙仲举, 祁帅. 草原干涸湖床地表粒度特征及其对沙尘释放的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2024,38(2):38-46.

LI Siyao, MENG Zhongju, QI Shuai. Surface Particle Size Characteristics of Dry Lake Beds in Grasslands and Their Effects on Dust Release[J]. 2024, 38(2): 38-46.
李思瑶, 蒙仲举, 祁帅. 草原干涸湖床地表粒度特征及其对沙尘释放的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2024,38(2):38-46. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.02.022.

LI Siyao, MENG Zhongju, QI Shuai. Surface Particle Size Characteristics of Dry Lake Beds in Grasslands and Their Effects on Dust Release[J]. 2024, 38(2): 38-46. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.02.022.

摘要

[目的] 为探究干涸湖盆典型地表风蚀过程及盐碱尘暴形成的机理。[方法] 以锡林郭勒盟阿巴嘎旗查干淖尔干涸盐湖为研究对象

从湖心到湖岸根据盐湖地表的动态演化过程选择4种典型地表(结皮地表、破碎地表、活化地表和沙化地表)

分析从湖心到湖岸近地表土壤粒度分布特征、风速廓线及输沙规律等。[结果] (1)从湖心向湖岸延伸

地表0—2 cm沉积物颗粒粒配整体呈逐渐变粗的趋势

且以黏粒和粉粒为主;(2)干涸盐湖从湖心到湖岸风速整体呈降低趋势

不同地表的风速廓线基本符合Karman的速度对数分布规律

且拟合效果较好(R2＞0.90);(3)破碎地表的输沙量最大

约为结皮地表的50倍

且由于有限沙尘供应

导致结皮地表的输沙率随高度变化呈现线性规律(R2=0.80)

其他3种地表的输沙率随高度变化呈现指数函数形式(R2＞0.97);(4)在近地表0~50 cm高度内

风沙流中携带的沙粒平均粒径为2~8 μm

属于粉粒

分选性较差

偏度以负偏为主

峰态以中等和尖窄为主。[结论] 整体来看

破碎地表上的风蚀作用最强

结皮地表上的风蚀作用最弱。可通过提高沙粒的临界启动风速阈值和下垫面的覆盖度等方式减弱该地区的风蚀作用。

Abstract

[Objective] In order to explore the typical surface wind erosion process of the dry lake basin and the mechanism of the formation of saline-alkali dust storm. [Methods] Taking the Chagannaoer dry salt lake in Abaga Banner of Xilin Gol League as the research object

four different surface types (crust surface

broken surface

activated surface and desertification surface) were selected according to the dynamic evolution process of salt lake surface from the lake center to the lake shore. The characteristics of soil particle size distribution

wind speed profile and sediment transport law near the surface from the lake center to the lake shore were analyzed. [Results] (1) Extending from the center of the lake to the shore of the lake

the grain size of 0—2 cm sediment on the surface showed a trend of gradually thickening

and the clay and silt were the main particles. (2) The wind speed from the center of the dry salt lake to the shore of the lake showed a decreasing trend. Wind speed profiles of different surfaces generally followed the logarithmic distribution of Karman’s velocity

and the fitting effect was good (R2＞0.90). (3) The amount of sediment transport on the broken surface was the highest

which was about 50 times that of the crust surface

and the sediment transport rate on the crust surface showed a linear law with the change of height due to limited dust supply (R2=0.80)

and the sediment transport rate on the other three surfaces showed an exponential function with the change of height (R2＞0.97). (4) Near the surface at a height of 0 to 50 cm

the average particle size of sand particles carried in the wind-sand flow ranges from 2 to 8 μm

which falled under the category of silt

with poor sorting. Skewness was predominantly negative

while kurtosis was mainly medium and sharp. [Conclusion] On the whole

the wind erosion effect on the broken surface was the strongest

and the wind erosion effect on the crust surface was the weakest. The wind erosion effect in this area can be weakened by increasing the critical starting wind speed threshold of sand particles and the coverage of underlying surface.

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references

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