残膜对土壤氮排放和氮肥利用效率的影响

阮国杰; 胡琪; 师倩; 高晓东; 李昌见

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.02.009

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残膜对土壤氮排放和氮肥利用效率的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 残膜对土壤氮排放和氮肥利用效率的影响
- Effect of Plastic Film Residue on Soil Nitrogen Emissions and Nitrogen Use Efficiency
- 水土保持学报 2024年38卷第2期页码：398-405
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 甘肃林业职业技术学院,甘肃,天水,741020
  2. 西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院, 陕西杨凌,721000
  3. 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌,712100
  4. 西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室, 陕西杨凌,712100
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目"黄土高原旱作适水改土与产能提升技术模式及应用"(2021YFD1900700);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目"可降解地膜对旱地农田水-碳-氮循环关键过程的影响机制"(52209069);唐仲英基金会项目
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.02.009
  中图分类号： S143.1
- 纸质出版：2024
- 稿件说明：
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阮国杰, 胡琪, 师倩, 等. 残膜对土壤氮排放和氮肥利用效率的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2024,38(2):398-405.

RUAN Guojie, HU Qi, SHI Qian, et al. Effect of Plastic Film Residue on Soil Nitrogen Emissions and Nitrogen Use Efficiency[J]. 2024, 38(2): 398-405.
阮国杰, 胡琪, 师倩, 等. 残膜对土壤氮排放和氮肥利用效率的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2024,38(2):398-405. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.02.009.

RUAN Guojie, HU Qi, SHI Qian, et al. Effect of Plastic Film Residue on Soil Nitrogen Emissions and Nitrogen Use Efficiency[J]. 2024, 38(2): 398-405. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.02.009.

摘要

[目的] 为探明不同残膜量对氮素利用效率及损失的影响。[方法] 试验设置5个不同残膜量(0

180

360

720

1 440 kg/hm2)和2种残膜类型(聚乙烯和生物降解残膜)

通过盆栽试验

研究不同残膜含量对土壤全氮、氮素气态损失、氮肥利用效率及番茄生长等指标的影响。[结果] 随着残膜含量的增加

土壤氨气和氧化亚氮的累积排放量呈先增大后减小的趋势

当残膜含量达到720 kg/hm2时

氨气累积挥发量显著减少11.31%~13.70%

氧化亚氮累积排放量减少4.74%~5.13%;土壤中氮素残留量无显著差异。当残膜含量低于180 kg/hm2时

地膜残留促进番茄的生长;当残膜含量高于180 kg/hm2时

地膜残留抑制番茄的生长。低残膜含量对氮肥利用效率无显著影响

当含量高于360 kg/hm2时

氮肥利用效率与残膜含量呈负相关关系。通过综合分析

土壤残膜含量应控制在180 kg/hm2内才不会对作物生长造成不利影响。此外

由于可降解地膜的降解特性

其对植株氮素吸收和氮肥利用效率的不利影响弱于聚乙烯残膜。[结论] 降解地膜替代聚乙烯地膜具有一定的可行性。

Abstract

[Objective] The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of different residue amounts on nitrogen utilization efficiency and losses. [Methods] The experiment involved five different residue amounts (0

180

360

720

1 440 kg/hm2) and two types of residues (polyethylene and biodegradable residues). Through pot experiments

the study examined the impact of different residue contents on soil total nitrogen

nitrogen gas losses

nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency

and tomato growth indicators. [Results] The research indicates that with an increase in residue content

the cumulative emissions of ammonia and nitrous oxide in the soil show a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. When the residue content reaches 720 kg/hm2

the cumulative ammonia emission significantly decreases by 11.31% to 13.70%

and nitrous oxide emission decreases by 4.74% to 5.13%. There was no significant difference in nitrogen residue in the soil. When the residue content is below 180 kg/hm2

the residue promotes tomato growth; when the residue content is above 180 kg/hm2

it inhibits tomato growth. Low residue content has no significant effect on nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency. However

when the content is higher than 360 kg/hm2

nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency shows a negative correlation with residue content. Through comprehensive analysis

it is suggested that soil residue content should be controlled within 180 kg/hm2 to avoid negative effects on crop growth. Furthermore

due to the degradable nature of biodegradable residues

their adverse effects on nitrogen absorption by plants and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency are weaker than those of polyethylene residues. [Conclusion] Therefore

replacing polyethylene residues with biodegradable residues is considered feasible.

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