峰丛洼地岩溶裂隙水土漏失过程室内模拟试验

李娟; 邵明; 李法虎; 赵晗

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.02.005

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

峰丛洼地岩溶裂隙水土漏失过程室内模拟试验

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 峰丛洼地岩溶裂隙水土漏失过程室内模拟试验
- Laboratory Simulation on Process of Soil and Water Leakage from Fissures in Karst Peak-cluster Depression
- 水土保持学报 2024年38卷第2期页码：29-37
- 作者机构：
  
  中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院,北京,100083
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0502403)
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.02.005
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版：2024
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
李娟, 邵明, 李法虎, 等. 峰丛洼地岩溶裂隙水土漏失过程室内模拟试验[J]. 水土保持学报, 2024,38(2):29-37.

LI Juan, SHAO Ming, LI Fahu, et al. Laboratory Simulation on Process of Soil and Water Leakage from Fissures in Karst Peak-cluster Depression[J]. 2024, 38(2): 29-37.
李娟, 邵明, 李法虎, 等. 峰丛洼地岩溶裂隙水土漏失过程室内模拟试验[J]. 水土保持学报, 2024,38(2):29-37. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.02.005.

LI Juan, SHAO Ming, LI Fahu, et al. Laboratory Simulation on Process of Soil and Water Leakage from Fissures in Karst Peak-cluster Depression[J]. 2024, 38(2): 29-37. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.02.005.

摘要

[目的] 水土漏失控制是喀斯特地区石漠化防治的关键

因此对水土漏失机理及其影响因素进行探究。[方法] 通过室内模拟试验

研究水压力(0.3

1.3

2.3

5.5 m水头)、岩溶裂隙宽度(0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00 cm)和土壤团聚体粒径(0~1.0

1.0~2.0

2.0~5.0

0~5.0 mm)对峰丛洼地水土漏失过程的影响。[结果] 水压力和裂隙宽度越大、团聚体粒径越小或粒组缺失的土壤

上覆土层越易被击穿。土层被击穿时间约需2~20 min。在土层被击穿后

水漏失速率迅速增大并逐渐趋于稳定

土壤漏失速率则急剧增大至峰值后减小并趋于其稳定值

且水土漏失速率及其累积漏失量显著大于未击穿土层。水土漏失量随着水压力或裂隙宽度的增大而增大。当裂隙宽度为0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00 cm时

1.3~5.5 m水压力时的累积水漏失量分别比0.3 m水压力时增大1.2~13.2

2.4~131.0

2.1~167.3

75.8~141.9倍。累积土壤漏失量随团聚体粒径的增大而显著减小。在大团聚体缺失时土壤漏失量随着裂隙宽度的增大而减小

而在小团聚体缺失时则随之增大。当裂隙宽度为0.25

0.5

0.75

1.0 cm时

1.0~2.0

2.0~5.0 mm团聚体粒组的土壤漏失量分别比0~1.0 mm粒组减小98.4%和99.1%

46.3%和83.7%

43.2%和74.0%及41.1%和27.1%。[结论] 上覆土层的稳定状况决定峰丛洼地水土漏失过程

水力条件、土壤性质及岩溶裂隙发育程度是影响其稳定的关键因素。

Abstract

[Objective] Soil and water loss control is the key to the prevention and control of rocky desertification in karst areas

so the mechanism of soil and water loss and its influencing factors are explored. [Methods] The effects of water pressure (0.3

1.3

2.3

and 5.5 m water head height)

karst fissure width (0.25

0.5

0.75

and 1.0 cm)

and soil aggregate size (0~1.0

1.0~2.0

2.0~5.0

and 0~5.0 mm) on the process of soil and water leakage in the karst peak-cluster depression were studied through laboratory simulation experiment. [Results] The greater the water pressure and the fissure width were

the smaller the soil aggregate size was

or the absence of certain soil particle groups

the more easily the overlying soil layer was broken down taking approximately 2 to 20 minutes. After the soil layer was broken down

the water leakage rate surged rapidly before stabilizing

while the soil leakage rate peaked and then settled. The rates and cumulative amounts of soil and water leakage from the disrupted soil layer were significantly greater than that of the unbroken one. The cumulative amounts of water and soil leakage increased with the increased water pressure or fissure width. When fissure width was 0.25

0.50

0.75

and 1.00 cm

the cumulative amount of water leakage at 1.3 to 5.5 m water pressures was 1.2 to 13.2

2.4 to 131.0

2.1 to 167.3

and 75.8 to 141.9 times greater than that at 0.3 m one

respectively. The cumulative soil leakage diminished notably with larger soil aggregate sizes. The absence of larger aggregates led to the decrease of soil leakage with the increase of fissure width but the opposite was true for soils lacking smaller aggregates. When fissure width was 0.25

0.50

0.75

and 1.00 cm

the cumulative amounts of soil leakage from 1.0 to 2.0 and 2.0 to 5.0 mm aggregate particle groups were decreased by 98.4% and 99.1%

46.3% and 83.7%

43.2% and 74.0% as well as 41.1% and 27.1%

respectively

compared with that of 0 to 1.0 mm one. [Conclusion] The stability of the overlying soil layer plays a pivotal role on the process of soil and water loss in peak-cluster depression

and hydraulic conditions

soil properties

and the degree of karst fissure development critically influence this stability.

关键词

Keywords

references

JIANG Z C, LIAN Y Q, QIN X Q. Rocky desertification in Southwest China: Impacts, causes, and restoration[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2014,132:1-12.

ZHAO L S, HOU R. Human causes of soil loss in rural karst environments: A case study of Guizhou, China[J].Scientific Reports,2019,9:e3225.

CAO Z H, ZHANG Z D, ZHANG K L, et al. Identifying and estimating soil erosion and sedimentation in small Karst watersheds using a composite fingerprint technique[J].Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment,2020,294:e106881.

DAI Q H, PENG X D, WANG P J, et al. Surface erosion and underground leakage of yellow soil on slopes in Karst regions of southwest China[J].Land Degradation and Development,2018,29(8):2438-2448.

彭旭东,戴全厚,李昌兰.中国西南喀斯特坡地水土流失/漏失过程与机理研究进展[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(5):1-8. PENG X D, DAI Q H, LI C L. Research progress on the process and mechanism of soil water loss or leakage on slope in southwest karst of China[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,31(5):1-8.

TANG Y Q, SUN K, ZHANG X H, et al. Microstructure changes of red clay during its loss and leakage in the karst rocky desertification area[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(6):e537.

YAN Y J, DAI Q H, JIN L, et al. Geometric morphology and soil properties of shallow karst fissures in an area of karst rocky desertification in SW China[J].Catena,2019,174(6):48-58.

CALCO-CASES A, BOIX-FAYOS C, IMESON A C. Runoff generation, sediment movement and soil water behaviour on calcareous (limestone) slopes of some Mediterranean environments in southeast Spain[J].Geomorphology,2003,50(1/3):269-291.

AKDIM B. Karst landscape and hydrology in Morocco: Research trends and perspectives[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,74(1):251-265.

ZHANG X B, BAI X Y, HE X B. Soil creeping in the weathering crust of carbonate rocks and underground soil losses in the Karst Mountain areas of southwest China[J].Carbonates and Evaporites,2011,26(2):149-153.

YAN Y J, DAI Q H, YUAN Y F, et al. Effects of rainfall intensity on runoff and sediment yields on bare slopes in a karst area, SW China[J].Geoderma,2018,330:30-40.

WANG J X, ZOU B P, LIU Y, et al. Erosion-creep-collapse mechanism of underground soil loss for the Karst rocky desertification in Chenqi Village, Puding County, Guizhou, China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2014,72(8):2751-2764.

CAO L, WANG S J, PENG T, et al. Monitoring of suspended sediment load and transport in an agroforestry watershed on a karst plateau, Southwest China[J].Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment,2020,299:e106976.

WEI X P, YAN Y N, XIE D T, etal. Thesoilleakage ratioin the Mudu watershed, China[J/OL].Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(8):721-731.

ZENG F M, JIANG Z C, SHEN L N, et al. Assessment of multiple and interacting modes of soil loss in the Karst critical zone, Southwest China (SWC)[J].Geomorphology,2018,322:97-106.

郭红艳,周金星.石漠化地区水土地下漏失治理[J].中国水土保持科学,2012,10(5):71-76. GUO H Y, ZHOU J X. Underground soil and water leakage in Karst rocky desertification areas[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,10(5):71-76.

ZHOU J, TANG Y Q, YANG P, et al. Inference of creep mechanism in underground soil loss of Karst conduits I. Conceptual model[J].Natural Hazards,2012,62(3):1191-1215.

DAI Q H, PENG X D, YANG Z, et al. Runoff and erosion processes on bare slopes in the Karst Rocky Desertification Area[J].Catena,2017,152:218-226.

PENG T, WANG S J. Effects of land use, land cover and rainfall regimes on the surface runoff and soil loss on Karst slopes in southwest China[J].Catena,2012,90:53-62.

CHENG Q Y, WANG S J, PENG T, et al. Sediment sources, soil loss rates and sediment yields in a Karst plateau catchment in Southwest China[J].Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment,2020,304:e107114.

PENG X D, DAI Q H, DING G J, et al. Role of underground leakage in soil, water and nutrient loss from a rock-mantled slope in the karst rocky desertification area[J].Journal of Hydrology,2019,578:e124086.

PENG J, XU Y Q, ZHANG R, et al. Soil erosion monitoring and its implication in a limestone land suffering from rocky desertification in the Huajiang Canyon, Guizhou, Southwest China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2013,69(3):831-841.

BAI X Y. Assessment of sediment and erosion rates by using the caesium-137 technique in a Chinese polygonal karst depression[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2011,64(8):2151-2158.

DAI Q H, PENG X D, ZHAO L S, et al. Effects of underground pore fissures on soil erosion and sediment yield on karst slopes[J].Land Degradation and Development,2017,28(7):1922-1932.

PENG X D, DAI Q H, LI C L, et al. Role of underground fissure flow in near-surface rainfall-runoff process on a rock mantled slope in the karst rocky desertification area[J].Engineering Geology,2018,243:10-17.

闫钇全,刘琦,邓大鹏,等.表层岩溶裂隙带土壤地表流失/地下漏失室内模拟实验[J].中国岩溶,2022,41(2):240-248. YAN Y Q, LIU Q, DENG D P, et al. Laboratory simulation study on soil surface loss and underground leakage in the epikarst fissure zone[J].Carsologica Sinica,2022,41(2):240-248.

徐燕,龙健.贵州喀斯特山区土壤物理性质对土壤侵蚀的影响[J].水土保持学报,2005, 19(1):157-159,175. XU Y, LONG J. Effect of soil physical properties on soil erosion in Guizhou karst mountainous region[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2005,19(1):157-159,175.

CEN L P, PENG X D, DAI Q H, et al. Creep leakage process of remaining soils in near-surface fissures in a karst area with bedrock outcrops[J].Catena,2023,221:e106802. [29] PENG X D, WANG X D, DAI Q H, et al. Soil structure and nutrient contents in underground fissures in arock-mantled slope in the karst rocky desertification area[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2020,79(3):10.1007/s12665-019-8708-z. [30] IMESON A C, LAVEE H, CALVO A, et al. The erosional response of calcareous soils along a climatological gradient in Southeast Spain[J].Geomorphology,1998,24:3-16. [31] 陈红星,李法虎,郝仕玲,等.土壤含水率与土壤碱度对土壤抗剪强度的影响[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(2):21-25. CHEN H X, LI F H, HAO S L, et al. Effects of soil water content and soil sodicity on soil shearing strength[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2007,23(2):21-25. [32] 陈仲颐,周景星,王洪瑾.土力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2008:56-64. CHEN Z Y, ZHOU J X, WANG H J. Soil Mechanics[M].Beijing: Tsinghua University Press,2008:56-64. [33] 雷俐,魏兴琥,徐喜珍,等.粤北岩溶山地土壤垂直渗漏与粒度变化特征[J].地理研究,2013,32(12):2204-2214. LEI L, WEI X H, XU X Z, et al. Vertical distribution of migration channels and grain-size change features of soil in karst mountainous areas of northern Guangdong[J].Geographical Research,2013,32(12):2204-2214. [34] 李法虎.土壤物理化学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006:26-31. LI F H. Soil physicochemistry[M].Beijing: Chemical Industry Press,2006:26-31.

浏览量

737

下载量

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

岩溶发育程度对水土漏失的非线性响应

喀斯特地质高背景区浅层裂隙土壤Cd剖面分布规律及其影响因素