降雨、汇流和坡度对黑土浅沟坡面侵蚀影响的试验研究

耿华杰; 郑粉莉; 赵录友; 王伦; 赵婷; 秦琪珊; 安小兵

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.02.004

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

降雨、汇流和坡度对黑土浅沟坡面侵蚀影响的试验研究

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 降雨、汇流和坡度对黑土浅沟坡面侵蚀影响的试验研究
- An Experimental Study on Effects of Rainfall, Inflow and Slope Gradient on Ephemeral Gully Slope Erosion in Chinese Mollisol Region
- 水土保持学报 2024年38卷第2期页码：57-67
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌,712100
  2. 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌,712100
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金面上项目(42177326)
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.02.004
  中图分类号： S157.1
- 纸质出版：2024
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
耿华杰, 郑粉莉, 赵录友, 等. 降雨、汇流和坡度对黑土浅沟坡面侵蚀影响的试验研究[J]. 水土保持学报, 2024,38(2):57-67.

GENG Huajie, ZHENG Fenli, ZHAO Luyou, et al. An Experimental Study on Effects of Rainfall, Inflow and Slope Gradient on Ephemeral Gully Slope Erosion in Chinese Mollisol Region[J]. 2024, 38(2): 57-67.
耿华杰, 郑粉莉, 赵录友, 等. 降雨、汇流和坡度对黑土浅沟坡面侵蚀影响的试验研究[J]. 水土保持学报, 2024,38(2):57-67. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.02.004.

GENG Huajie, ZHENG Fenli, ZHAO Luyou, et al. An Experimental Study on Effects of Rainfall, Inflow and Slope Gradient on Ephemeral Gully Slope Erosion in Chinese Mollisol Region[J]. 2024, 38(2): 57-67. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.02.004.

摘要

[目的] 为研究降雨、汇流和坡度对浅沟侵蚀的影响

实施精确的水土保持措施。[方法] 通过室内模拟降雨和汇流试验

设计2个降雨强度(50

100 mm/h)和2个坡度(3°

7°)

并在4种降雨强度和坡度组合下设置5个依次增加的汇流强度(15

75 L/min)

分析降雨、汇流和坡度及其交互作用对浅沟坡面侵蚀的影响

明确浅沟侵蚀对坡面侵蚀的贡献。[结果] (1)坡度和汇流强度对浅沟坡面侵蚀的影响均大于降雨强度。当降雨强度由50 mm/h增加到100 mm/h时

3°和7°对应的坡面侵蚀量分别增加52.3%~81.8%和29.4%~88.4%;而当坡度从3°增大到7°

100 mm/h降雨强度对应的坡面侵蚀量分别增加114.3%~395.5%和130.0%~320.9%;当汇流强度由15 L/min增加至75 L/min

坡面侵蚀量增加4.6~13.5倍。同时

汇流强度的增加加剧坡度对坡面侵蚀的作用

而减弱降雨强度对坡面侵蚀的影响。(2)降雨、汇流、坡度双因子和三因子交互作用对浅沟坡面侵蚀的影响以汇流强度—坡度交互作用和降雨强度—汇流强度—坡度三者的交互作用的影响最大

其次为降雨强度—汇流强度交互作用

而以降雨强度—坡度的交互作用的影响最小。(3)不同试验条件下

浅沟侵蚀量占坡面侵蚀量的比例平均在85%以上

且其比例随汇流强度和坡度的增加呈增大趋势。(4)坡面侵蚀速率与水流流速、径流剪切力和水流功率之间均表现为极显著正相关

与阻力系数之间呈显著负相关;且坡面侵蚀速率与水流功率相关关系最优。[结论] 研究结果为基于侵蚀动力因子和地形因子及其交互作用的浅沟侵蚀预测模型开发、浅沟侵蚀贡献分离和浅沟侵蚀机理研究提供了科学依据。

Abstract

[Objective] In order to investigate the effects of rainfall intensity

inflow rate and slope gradient on hillslope ephemeral gully erosion and implement precise soil and water conservation measures. [Methods] This research established two rainfall intensities (50 and 100 mm/h) and two slope gradients (3° and 7°)

and five inflow rates under four combinations of two rainfall intensities and two slope gradients to assess the influences of rainfall intensity

inflow rate

slope gradient and their interaction on slope soil erosion with ephemeral gully

and to quantify the contribution of ephemeral gully erosion to slope erosion. [Results] (1) The impact of slope gradient and inflow rate on slope soil erosion was greater than that of rainfall intensity. Under the five inflow rates

when the rainfall intensity increased from 50 mm/h to 100 mm/h

the slope erosion on the slopes of 3° and 7° increased by 52.3%~81.8% and 29.4%~88.4%

respectively; when the slope gradient increased from 3° to 7°

the slope erosion increased by 114.3%~395.5% and 130.0%~320.9%

respectively; when the inflow rate increased from 15 L/min to 75 L/min

the slope erosion increased by 4.6~13.5 times. The increase of inflow rate aggravated slope gradient influence on slope erosion while weakened rainfall intensity impacts on slope erosion. (2) The combined effects of rainfall intensity

inflow rate

and slope gradient

and inflow rate-slope gradient interactions on slope erosion were the larger impact

followed by the rainfall intensity-inflow rate interaction

and the interplay between rainfall intensity and slope gradient had the lowest impact. Ephemeral gully erosion accounted for over 85% of total slope erosion under various experimental conditions

which increased with inflow rate and slope gradient. (4) The slope erosion rates a positive correlation existed with the flow velocity

shear stress and stream power. Conversely

a negative correlation was observed with the friction coefficient. Among the parameters

the correlation between slope erosion rate and stream power was best. [Conclusion] The research results provide a scientific basis for the development of ephemeral gully erosion prediction model

the separation of ephemeral gully erosion contribution and the study of ephemeral gully erosion mechanism based on erosion dynamic factors and topographic factors and their interaction.

关键词

Keywords

references

LIU G, ZHENG F L, WILSON G V, et al. Three decades of ephemeral gully erosion studies[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2021,212:e105046.

唐克丽,张科利,雷阿林.黄土丘陵区退耕上限坡度的研究论证[J].科学通报,1998,43(2):200-203. TANG K L, ZHANG K L, LEI A L. Study and proof of the upper limit slope for cultivation in the hilly region of the Loess Plateau[J].Science Bulletin,1998,43(2):200-203.

BENNETT S J, ALONSO C V, PRASAD S N, et al. Experiments on headcut growth and migration in concentrated flows typical of upland areas[J].Water Resources Research,2000,36(7):1911-1922.

CAPRA A, LA S C. Medium-term evolution of some ephemeral gullies in Sicily (Italy)[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2015,154:34-43.

DESMET P J, POESEN J, GOVERS G K, et al. Importance of slope gradient and contributing area for optimal prediction of the initiation and trajectory of ephemeral gullies[J].Catena,1999,37(3):377-392.

张科利.浅沟发育对土壤侵蚀作用的研究[J].中国水土保持,1991(4):17-19. ZHANG K L. Study on the effects of shallow gully development on soil erosion[J].Soil and Conservation in China,1991(4):17-19.

武敏,郑粉莉,黄斌.黄土坡面汇流汇沙对浅沟侵蚀影响的试验研究[J].水土保持研究,2004,11(4):74-76,90. WU M, ZHENG F L, HUANG B. Experiment study on upslope runoff effects on ephemeral gully erosion processes at loessial hillslope[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,11(4):74-76,90.

郑粉莉,康绍忠.黄土坡面不同侵蚀带侵蚀产沙关系及其机理[J].地理学报,1998,53(5):422-428. ZHENG F L, KANG S Z. Erosion and sediment yield in different zones of loess slopes[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,1998,53(5):422-428.

郑粉莉,徐锡蒙,覃超.沟蚀过程研究进展[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(8):48-59,116. ZHENG F L, XU X M, QIN C. A review of gully erosion process research[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(8):48-59,116.

吴桐嘉,潘成忠,罗明杰,等.降雨和汇流条件下浅沟侵蚀过程试验研究[J].水土保持通报,2019,39(4):22-29.WU T J, PAN C Z, LUO M J, et al. Experimental study on ephemeral gully erosion processes under simulated rainfall and silt-laden inflows[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2019,39(4):22-29.

郭军权,刘敏,王文龙.上方来水对浅沟侵蚀产沙的野外放水冲刷试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(3):49-52. GUO J Q, LIU M, WANG W L. Experimental study on upslope runoff effects on ephemeral gully erosion processes[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,26(3):49-52.

徐锡蒙,郑粉莉,武敏.雨强和坡度对黄土陡坡地浅沟形态特征影响的定量研究[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(11):124-132. XU X M, ZHENG F L, WU M. Quantification study of rainfall intensity and slope gradient impacts on ephemeral gully morphological characteristic on steep loessial hillslope[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(11):124-132.

武敏,郑粉莉.浅沟侵蚀过程及预报模型研究进展[J].水土保持研究,2004,11(4):113-116. WU M, ZHENG F L. Research progress on ephemeral gully erosion process and its prediction model[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2004,11(4):113-116.

XU X M, ZHENG F L, WILSON G V, et al. Upslope inflow, hillslope gradient and rainfall intensity impacts on ephemeral gully erosion[J].Land Degradation and Development,2017,28(8):2623-2635.

胡刚,伍永秋,刘宝元,等.东北漫岗黑土区浅沟侵蚀发育特征[J].地理科学,2009,29(4):545-549. HU G, WU Y Q, LIU B Y, et al. Growth characteristics of ephemeral gully in rolling hills of black soils in northeast China[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2009,29(4):545-549.

张光辉,杨扬,刘瑛娜,等.东北黑土区土壤侵蚀研究进展与展望[J].水土保持学报,2022,36(2):1-12. ZHANG G H, YANG Y, LIU Y N, et al. Advances and prospects of soil erosion research in the black soil region of northeast China[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2022,36(2):1-12.

WILSON G V, WELLS R, KUHNLE R, et al. Sediment detachment and transport processes associated with internal erosion of soil pipes[J].Earth Surface Processes and Pandforms,2018,43(1):45-63.

甄怀才,张兴义,杨薇,等.沟壁坡度对侵蚀沟三维重建误差的影响[J].水土保持学报,2020,34(3):61-66,72. ZHENG H C, ZHANG X Y, YANG W, et al. Influence of gully sidewall slope steepness on the error of 3D reconstruction in the erosion gully[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2020,34(3):61-66,72.

TANG J, XIE Y, LIU C, et al. Effects of rainfall characteristics and contour tillage on ephemeral gully development in a field in Northeastern China[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2022,218:e105312.

崔明,蔡强国,张永光,等.漫岗黑土区坡耕地中雨季浅沟发育机制[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(8):59-65. CUI M, CAI Q G, ZHANG Y G, et al. Development of ephemeral gully during rainy season in the slope land in rolling-hill black-soil region of northeast China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Engineering,2007,23(8):59-65.

郑粉莉,赵军.人工模拟降雨大厅及模拟降雨设备简介[J].水土保持研究,2004,11(4):177-178. ZHENG F L, ZHAO J. Brief introduction of artificial simulated rainfall hall and simulated rainfall equipment[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation.2004,11(4):177-178.

高峰,詹敏,战辉.黑土区农地侵蚀性降雨标准研究[J].中国水土保持,1989(11):19-21. GAO F, ZHAN M, ZHAN H. Study on criteria of erosive rain in farmland of chernozem in Heilongjiang province.[J].Soil and Water Conservation in China,1989(11):19-21.

WANG L, ZHENG F L, ZHANG X C, et al. Discrimination of soil losses between ridge and furrow in longitudinal ridge-tillage under simulated upslope inflow and rainfall[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2020,198:e104541.

范昊明,蔡强国,王红闪.中国东北黑土区土壤侵蚀环境[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(2):66-70. FAN H M, CAI Q G, WANG H S. Condition of soil erosion in phaeozem region of northeast China.[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2004,18(2):66-70.

XU X M, ZHENG F L, WILSON G V, et al. Comparison of runoff and soil loss in different tillage systems in the Mollisol region of Northeast China[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2018,177:1-11.

LI G, ABRAHAMS A D, ATKNSON J F. Correction factors in the determination of mean velocity of overland flow[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,1996,21(6):509-515.

ABRAHAMS A, PARSONS A, LUK S H. Resistance to overland flow on desert hillslopes[J].Journal of Hydrology,1986,88(3):343-363.

NEARING M A, BRADFORD J M, PARKER S C. Soil detachment by shallow flow at low slopes[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1991,55(2):339-344.

GUY B T, DICKINSON W T, RUDRA R P. The roles of rainfall and runoff in the sediment transport capacity of interrill flow[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1987,30(5):1378-1387.

康宏亮,王文龙,薛智德,等.冲刷条件下黄土丘陵区浅沟侵蚀形态及产流产沙特征[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(20):161-170. KANG H L, WANG W L, XUE Z D, et al. Erosion morphology and runoff generation and sediment yield on ephemeral gully in loess hilly region in field scouring experiment[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(20):161-170.

李桂芳,郑粉莉,卢嘉,等.降雨和地形因子对黑土坡面土壤侵蚀过程的影响[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(4):147-154,182. LI G F, ZHENG F L, LU J, et al. Effects of rainfall and topography on soil erosion processes of black soil hillslope[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(4):147-154,182.

车小力,王文龙,郭军权,等.上方来水来沙对浅沟侵蚀产沙及水动力参数的影响[J].中国水土保持科学,2011,9(3):26-31. CHE X L, WANG W L, GUO J Q, et al. Effects of up-slope runoff and sediment on ephemeral gully erosion sediment and hydraulic parameters[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,9(3):26-31.

龚家国,庞金城,贾仰文,等.黄土区浅沟侵蚀影响因素对其侵蚀速率影响的模拟试验研究[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(1):7-11. GONG J G, PANG J C, JIA Y W, et al. Experimental study on influencing factors of ephemeral gully erosion on losses slope[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,18(1):7-11.

郭军权,王文龙.坡度对浅沟侵蚀产沙的野外放水冲刷试验影响[J].水土保持学报,2019,33(4):87-92,212. GUO J Q, WANG W L. Experimental study on the effects of field scouring slope on ephemeral gully erosion and sediment yield[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2019,33(4):87-92,212.

汤立群.坡面降雨溅蚀及其模拟[J].水科学进展,1995,6(4):304-310. TANG L Q. Soil erosion caused by impacts of raindrop on the sloping land and its simuation[J].Advances in Water Science,1995,6(4):304-310. [36] 范昊明,王铁良,周丽丽,等.不同坡形坡面径流流速时空分异特征研究[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(6):35-38.FAN H M, WANG T L, ZHOU L L, et al. Study on temporal and spatial variation of current velocity on different form slope[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,21(6): 35-38. [37] 丁文峰,李占斌,丁登山.坡面细沟侵蚀过程的水动力学特征试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2002,16(3):72-75. DING W F, LI Z B, DING D S. Study on hydrodynamic characters of runoff in rill erosion process on slope[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2002,16(3):72-75. [38] ALI M, STERK G, SEGER K M, et al. Effect of hydraulic parameters on sediment transport capacity in overland flow over erodible beds[J].Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2012,16(2):591-601. [39] 周凡凡,高建恩,王照润,等.坡面降雨径流侵蚀输沙的不平衡特性研究[J].水土保持学报,2021,35(6):95-100.ZHOU F F, GAO J N, WANG Z R, et al. Study on unbalance characteristics of sediment transport by rainfall runoff erosion on slope[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2021,35(6):95-100. [40] XU X M, ZHENG F L, WILSON G V. Flow hydraulics in an ephemeral gully system under different slope gradients, rainfall intensities and inflow conditions[J].Catena,2021,203:e105359. [41] 李宏伟,王文龙,车小力,等.非恒定流对浅沟侵蚀产沙及水动力参数的影响[J].中国水土保持科学,2011,9(6):14-21. LI H W, WANG W L, CHE X L, et al. Effects of non-state discharge on ephemeral gully erosion sediment and hydraulic parameters[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,9(6):14-21. [42] WELLS R R, MOMM H G, BENNETT S J, et al. A measurement method for rill and ephemeral gully erosion assessments[J].Soil Scieence Society of America Journal,2016,80(1):203-214.

浏览量

707

下载量

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

模拟降雨条件下坡度和降雨强度对桂南崩积体侵蚀产沙的影响

不同降雨强度下地面坡度对红壤坡面土壤侵蚀过程的影响

降雨强度和坡度对粘黄土坡面片蚀的影响

雨强和坡度对黄土坡面土壤侵蚀及氮磷流失的影响

胶东铁路弃土弃渣体产流产沙特征