桑干河流域淤地坝沉积泥沙特征及其来源解析

谢骁健; 苏正安; 周涛; 王丽娟; 周铃

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.01.018

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桑干河流域淤地坝沉积泥沙特征及其来源解析

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 桑干河流域淤地坝沉积泥沙特征及其来源解析
- Sediment Characteristics and Sources Tracing of Warping Dam in Sanggan River Basin
- 水土保持学报 2024年38卷第1期页码：49-59
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所, 中国科学院山地表生过程与生态调控重点实验室,成都,610041
  2. 中国科学院大学,北京,100049
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "谢骁健(2000—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事土壤侵蚀和水土保持研究。E-mail:xiexiaojian22@mails.ucas.ac.cn" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目(42277338);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0307);四川省科技计划项目(2022YFS0500)
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.01.018
  中图分类号： S157.1
- 纸质出版：2024
- 稿件说明：
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谢骁健, 苏正安, 周涛, 等. 桑干河流域淤地坝沉积泥沙特征及其来源解析[J]. 水土保持学报, 2024,38(1):49-59.

XIE Xiaojian, SU Zheng'an, ZHOU Tao, et al. Sediment Characteristics and Sources Tracing of Warping Dam in Sanggan River Basin[J]. 2024, 38(1): 49-59.
谢骁健, 苏正安, 周涛, 等. 桑干河流域淤地坝沉积泥沙特征及其来源解析[J]. 水土保持学报, 2024,38(1):49-59. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.01.018.

XIE Xiaojian, SU Zheng'an, ZHOU Tao, et al. Sediment Characteristics and Sources Tracing of Warping Dam in Sanggan River Basin[J]. 2024, 38(1): 49-59. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.01.018.

摘要

[目的] 为查明桑干河流域的泥沙主要策源地和侵蚀产沙变化。[方法] 选取阳原县高墙乡典型淤地坝沉积泥沙为研究对象

利用复合指纹识别技术

测定沉积泥沙及其源地的土壤粒径、SOC、TN、137Cs、低频质量磁化率等9种指纹因子

研究了不同淤积阶段的泥沙策源地及坝控小流域侵蚀产沙演变规律。[结果] (1)沉积泥沙中137Cs平均含量较低

与沟壁土壤无显著差异(p>0.05)

但极显著小于林草地和耕地的137Cs含量(p<0.01)

这指示淤地坝沉积泥沙主要来源于沟壁;(2)由于沟壁中大部分137Cs含量低于检出限

137Cs较好地指示泥沙主要来源沟谷地中的沟壁

但难以用于小流域多种策源地的判别

经Kruskal-Wallis H非参数检验和多元逐步判别分析筛选

确定TN+Xlfb+SOC构成最佳指纹因子组合

有效地判别小流域2006—2017年泥沙源地的平均贡献率为沟壁(82.68%±8.20%)>耕地(15.36%±8.46%)>林草地(1.96%±0.33%);(3)在小流域侵蚀产沙过程中

沟壁长期是主要的泥沙贡献区

林草地对侵蚀性降雨的响应较弱

耕地在极端暴雨发生时其泥沙贡献率显著上升。[结论] 137Cs核素示踪技术有效地适用于该区小流域主要泥沙策源地判别

复合指纹技术则可以更好地厘定多元泥沙策源地。沟蚀引起的沟壁崩塌是桑干河流域土壤侵蚀严重的主要原因。

Abstract

[Objective] This study intends to explore the main source of sediment and the evolution of erosion and sediment yield in Sanggan River Basin. [Methods] A typical warping dam in Gaoqiang Township

Yangyuan County was selected as the research object. The composite fingerprint identification technology was used to determine nine fingerprint factors

including soil particle size

SOC

radionuclide (137Cs) and low-frequency magnetic susceptibility

of sediment and its source areas. The evolution patterns of erosion and sediment production in different sedimentation stages of sediment source areas and dam controlled small watersheds were studied. [Results] (1) The average content of 137Cs in sediment was relatively low

and it was not significantly different from that of gully wall soil

but it was extremely significantly lower than that of forest-grasslands and croplands soil (p<0.01)

which indicated that the sediment was mainly from gully wall. (2) As the majority of 137Cs content of gully wall was below the detection limit

137Cs was a good indicator for identifying gully wall as the main sediment source but it was difficult to be used for distinguishing multiple sediment sources in the small basin. Through Kruskal-Wallis H nonparametric test and multiple stepwise discriminant analysis screening

the optimal combination of fingerprint factors was TN+Xlfb+SOC

which effectively distinguished the average contribution rate of sediment source areas in small watersheds from 2006 to 2017. The contribution rate followed the order of gully wall (82.68%±8.20%) > croplands (15.36%±8.46%) > forest-grasslands (1.96%±0.33%). (3) In the evolution of erosion and sediment yield

gully wall was the main sediment contribution area for a long time

forest-grasslands had weak response to erosive rainfall

and the sediment contribution rate of croplands increased significantly when extreme rainstorm occurred. [Conclusion] Overall

the 137Cs tracing technique was suitable for identifying the main sediment source in the small basin

and the composite fingerprint technique was better at identifying multiple sediment sources. The collapse of gully walls caused by gully erosion was the main cause of severe soil erosion in the Sanggan River Basin.

关键词

Keywords

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