不同浓度微咸水灌溉对土壤水盐分布及冬小麦生长的影响

刘祯媛; 张体彬; 梁青; 胡行路; 程煜; 闫思慧; 冯浩

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.01.010

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不同浓度微咸水灌溉对土壤水盐分布及冬小麦生长的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 不同浓度微咸水灌溉对土壤水盐分布及冬小麦生长的影响
- Effects of Saline Water Irrigation with Different Concentrations on Soil Water and Salt Distribution and Growth of Winter Wheat
- 水土保持学报 2024年38卷第1期页码：378-386
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室, 陕西杨凌,712100
  2. 西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院, 陕西杨凌,712100
  3. 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌,712100
  4. 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌,712100
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "刘祯媛(1999—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事节水灌溉研究。E-mail:liuzhenyuan2021@163.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900700);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2023-ZDLNY-53);中国科学院"西部之光"人才培养计划项目(XAB2022YW04)
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.01.010
  中图分类号： S274.1
- 纸质出版：2024
- 稿件说明：
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刘祯媛, 张体彬, 梁青, 等. 不同浓度微咸水灌溉对土壤水盐分布及冬小麦生长的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2024,38(1):378-386.

LIU Zhenyuan, ZHANG Tibin, LIANG Qing, et al. Effects of Saline Water Irrigation with Different Concentrations on Soil Water and Salt Distribution and Growth of Winter Wheat[J]. 2024, 38(1): 378-386.
刘祯媛, 张体彬, 梁青, 等. 不同浓度微咸水灌溉对土壤水盐分布及冬小麦生长的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2024,38(1):378-386. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.01.010.

LIU Zhenyuan, ZHANG Tibin, LIANG Qing, et al. Effects of Saline Water Irrigation with Different Concentrations on Soil Water and Salt Distribution and Growth of Winter Wheat[J]. 2024, 38(1): 378-386. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.01.010.

摘要

[目的] 微咸水灌溉是缓解农业用水紧张、保障粮食生产的重要途径之一

但灌溉水中的可溶性盐会导致土壤盐分累积

进而影响作物生长

寻求适宜的灌溉水盐分浓度是咸水、微咸水资源得到安全利用的有利保障。[方法] 研究采用遮雨盆栽试验种植冬小麦

以去离子水为对照(CK)

添加氯化盐形成不同浓度的微咸水处理

灌溉水电导率(ECw)分别为:0.26(CK)

3.00(S1)

5.26(S2)

7.07(S3)

9.24(S4) dS/m

研究土壤水盐分布和冬小麦生长、光合生理及产量形成的响应。[结果] 不同浓度微咸水灌溉下土壤含水率、土壤含盐量随盐分浓度的增加而增大。当灌溉水电导率为9.24 dS/m时

土壤含水率分别比CK高5.43%(0—10 cm)

4.21%(10—20 cm)

4.98%(20—40 cm);冬小麦收获后CK及S1-S4处理下0—40 cm土层土壤饱和浸提液电导率(ECe)分别为0.66

4.89

7.88

9.34

10.16 dS/m;与CK相比

灌溉水电导率为3.00

5.26 dS/m时

冬小麦生长、光合生理指标、产量无显著差异

而为7.07

9.24 dS/m时显著降低

当灌溉水电导率为9.24 dS/m时

冬小麦净光合速率、最大株高、最大叶面积、成熟期地上部干物质量、根系干物质量及产量相比CK分别降低71.00%

2.81%

15.33%

15.55%

47.25%

27.53%。利用FAO分段函数拟合计算得冬小麦灌溉微咸水电导率阈值为5.82 dS/m

超过该值

每增加1 dS/m

冬小麦相对产量下降8.80%。[结论] 综上所述

灌溉水盐分浓度越高

对土壤水盐分布及冬小麦生长的影响越大

5.82 dS/m为冬小麦的灌溉微咸水电导率阈值。综合考虑冬小麦生长、光合生理指标及土壤理化性质

建议使用微咸水灌溉冬小麦时

ECw不宜超过5.82 dS/m。该研究结果可为微咸水安全利用提供理论支撑。

Abstract

[Objective] Saline water irrigation is one of the important ways to alleviate the shortage of agricultural water and ensure food production. However

soluble salt in irrigation water leads to soil salt accumulation

which affects the growth of crops. Seeking a suitable salt concentration in irrigation water is a favorable guarantee for the safe utilization of saline water resources. [Methods] In this study

a rain-shielding pot experiment was conducted to plant winter wheat. The deionized water was used as a control (CK)

and chloride salts were added to form saline water with different salt concentrations. The electrical conductivity of irrigation water (ECw) was 0.26 (CK)

3.00 (S1)

5.26 (S2)

7.07 (S3)

and 9.24 (S4) dS/m respectively. The soil water and salt distribution

growth

photosynthetic physiology

and yield formation of winter wheat were studied. [Results] Soil water content and electrical conductivity increased with the increase of saline water salt concentration under saline water irrigation. When the conductivity of irrigation water was 9.24 dS/m

the soil moisture content was 5.43% (0—10 cm)

4.21% (10—20 cm)

and 4.98% (20—40 cm) higher than CK

respectively. The electrical conductivity of soil extract (ECe) in 0-40 cm soil layer was 0.66

4.89

7.88

9.34

and 10.16 dS/m under CK and S1-S4 treatments after winter wheat harvest

respectively. Compared with CK

there was no significant difference in the growth

photosynthetic physiological indexes

and yield of winter wheat when the conductivity of irrigation water was 3.00 and 5.26 dS/m

but it was significantly reduced when the conductivity of irrigation water was 7.07 and 9.24 dS/m. The net photosynthetic rate

maximum plant height

maximum leaf area

shoot dry matter mass at maturity stage

root dry matter mass and yield of winter wheat under 9.24 dS/m were decreased by 71.00%

2.81%

15.33%

15.55%

47.25%

and 27.53% compared with CK

respectively. The threshold of saline water conductivity for irrigation of winter wheat was calculated as 5.82 dS/m using the fitting sum of FAO piecewise function

if the value exceeded

the relative yield of winter wheat decreased by 8.80% with each increase of 1 dS/m. [Conclusion] In summary

the higher the salt concentration of irrigation water

the greater the impact on soil water and salt distribution and winter wheat growth

5.82 dS/m is the threshold of saline water conductivity of winter wheat irrigation. Considering the growth

photosynthetic physiological indexes of winter wheat and soil physical and chemical properties

it is suggested that ECw should not exceed 5.82 dS/m when saline water is used to irrigate winter wheat. This study can provide theoretical support for the safe utilization of saline water.

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Keywords

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