生物炭不同施用方式对水盐调控及小麦苗期生长的影响

徐强; 刘洪光; 李明思; 李鹏飞; 龚萍

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.05.044

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生物炭不同施用方式对水盐调控及小麦苗期生长的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 生物炭不同施用方式对水盐调控及小麦苗期生长的影响
- Effects of Different Application Methods of Biochar on Water and Salt Regulation and Wheat Seedling Growth
- 水土保持学报 2023年37卷第5期页码：363-369
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆,石河子,832000
  2. 现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,新疆,石河子,832000
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "徐强(1993-),男,博士研究生,主要从事绿洲盐碱地改良与利用研究。E-mail:1693260422@qq.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目(51790533,52069026,U1803244)兵团中青年创新领军人才项目(2022CB002-02)
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.05.044
  中图分类号： S156.4;S512.1
- 纸质出版：2023
- 稿件说明：
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徐强, 刘洪光, 李明思, 等. 生物炭不同施用方式对水盐调控及小麦苗期生长的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2023,37(5):363-369.

XU Qiang, LIU Hongguang, LI Mingsi, et al. Effects of Different Application Methods of Biochar on Water and Salt Regulation and Wheat Seedling Growth[J]. 2023, 37(5): 363-369.
徐强, 刘洪光, 李明思, 等. 生物炭不同施用方式对水盐调控及小麦苗期生长的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2023,37(5):363-369. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.05.044.

XU Qiang, LIU Hongguang, LI Mingsi, et al. Effects of Different Application Methods of Biochar on Water and Salt Regulation and Wheat Seedling Growth[J]. 2023, 37(5): 363-369. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.05.044.

摘要

为研究生物炭不同应用模式对盐碱土水盐调控及小麦苗期生长的影响。通过室内桶栽模拟试验

生物炭以2种物理状态(粉状和杆状)、3个添加量(1%

3%和5%质量百分比)分别作为覆盖和添加物

以不添加生物炭的处理作为对照。结果表明:"干播湿出"条件下

FF(粉状覆盖)、GF(杆状覆盖)处理小麦出苗率分别为对照(CK)的7.33~9.00

3.00~3.33倍;FH(粉状混合)、GH(杆状混合)处理的出苗率较CK分别提高66.67%~166.67%

33.00%~367.00%。FF、GF处理的株高大幅提高

较CK分别提高21.52%~34.55%

24.54%~40.48%;FH、GH处理的株高小幅提高

较CK分别提高-1.35%~12.22%

3.76%~8.59%。不同应用模式的灌后含水率差异明显

FF处理的表层土壤较CK提高0.31%~15.58%;而GF处理的表层土壤含水率较CK下降0.40%~7.65%;FH、GH处理的土壤含水率较CK分别提高7.33%~18.61%

1.33%~18.38%;蒸发后FF、GF处理的含水率较CK分别提高4.34%~45.38%

27.08%~53.22%

蒸发后0-15 cm土层的含水率明显提高

FH、GH处理土壤含水率较CK分别提高3.26%~16.66%

5.77%~36.37%。CK 0-10 cm土层的电导率相对变化率最大

为124.76%

FF、GF处理的电导率相对变化率分别为59.61%~114.73%

18.21%~86.47%;GH、FH处理的电导率相对变化率分别为67.26%~96.30%

72.05%~122.32%。FF、GF处理的蒸发量较CK分别减少0.76%~27.21%

53.49%~77.02%;FH、GH处理的蒸发量与CK相比分别减少1.95%~4.79%

1.71%~14.82%。生物炭改良作用的大小取决于生物炭的添加量和应用方式

等炭量投入条件下FF、GF处理在水盐分布、抑制蒸发和作物生长的作用优于FH、GH处理

可作为干旱区添加生物炭改良盐碱地的适宜模式。

Abstract

In order to study the effects of different application modes of biochar on water and salt regulation in saline alkali soil and wheat seedling growth

an indoor bucket planting simulation experiment was conducted. Biochar was covered on the surface of the soil in two forms of powdery and rod-shaped

with a mass percentage of 1%

3% and 5%. Under the same treatment

biochar was mixed with 10 cm of the soil surface

and the treatment without biochar was used as a control (CK). The results showed that under the condition of "dry sowing and wet emergence"

the emergence rate of wheat treated with FF (powdery cover) and GF (rod-shaped cover) was 7.33 to 9.00 and 3.00 to 3.33 times higher than that of CK

respectively. The emergence rate of FH and GH treatments increased by 66.67% to 166.67% and 33.00% to 367.00%

respectively

compared with CK. The plant height of FF and GF treatments significantly increased

with an increase of 21.52% to 34.55% and 24.54% to 40.48%

respectively

compared with CK. The plant height of FH and GH treatments increased slightly

with an increase of -1.35% to 12.22% and 3.76% to 8.59%

respectively

compared with CK. There were significant differences in post irrigation moisture content among different application modes

and FF treatment increased the surface soil moisture content by 0.31% to 15.58% compared with CK. The surface soil moisture content treated with GF decreased by 0.40% to 7.65% compared with CK. The soil moisture content of FH and GH treatments increased by 7.33% to 18.61% and 1.33% to 18.38%

respectively

compared with CK. After evaporation

the moisture content of FF and GF treatments increased by 4.34% to 45.38% and 27.08% to 53.22%

respectively

compared with CK. After evaporation

the moisture content of the 0-15 cm soil layer increased significantly. The soil moisture content of FH and GH treatments increased by 3.26% to 16.66% and 5.77% to 36.37%

respectively

compared with CK. The maximum relative change rate of conductivity in the 0-10 cm soil layer of CK was 124.76%

while that in FF and GF treatments was 59.61% to 114.73% and 18.21% to 86.47%

respectively. The relative change rate in conductivity of GH and FH treatments was 67.26% to 96.30% and 72.05% to 122.32%

respectively. Compared with CK

the evaporation of FF and GF treatments decreased by 0.76% to 27.21% and 53.49% to 77.02%

respectively. Compared with CK

the evaporation of FH and GH treatments decreased by 1.95% to 4.79% and 1.71% to 14.82%

respectively. The improvement effect of biochar depended on the amount and the application method of biochar. Under equal carbon input conditions

FF and GF treatments had better effects on water and salt distribution

inhibition of evaporation

and crop growth than FH and GH treatments

which could be used as suitable models for adding biochar to improve saline alkali land in arid areas.

关键词

Keywords

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