土壤结皮对乌拉山矿山废弃地客土坡面侵蚀特征的影响

张馨予; 张晓霞; 王冬; 宋俊玲; 崔轻舟; 张泽宇; 裴益乐; 查同刚

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.05.003

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土壤结皮对乌拉山矿山废弃地客土坡面侵蚀特征的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 土壤结皮对乌拉山矿山废弃地客土坡面侵蚀特征的影响
- Effects of Soil Crusts on Erosion Characteristics of Alien Soil Slope in Mining Wasteland of Wula Mountain
- 水土保持学报 2023年37卷第5期页码：24-30
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京,100083
  2. 中建一局集团第三建筑有限公司,北京,100161
  3. 北京市八达岭林场,北京,102112
  4. 北京市水土保持工程技术研究中心(北京林业大学),北京,100083
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "张馨予(1999-),女,硕士研究生,主要从事土壤退化与生态修复研究。E-mail:Zhang_xinyu_9@bjfu.edu.cn" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  中建股份科技研发计划项目“西北地区生态环境保护修复关键技术研究与应用”(CSCEC-2020-Z-5)
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.05.003
  中图分类号： S157.1
- 纸质出版：2023
- 稿件说明：
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张馨予, 张晓霞, 王冬, 等. 土壤结皮对乌拉山矿山废弃地客土坡面侵蚀特征的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2023,37(5):24-30.

ZHANG Xinyu, ZHANG Xiangxia, WANG Dong, et al. Effects of Soil Crusts on Erosion Characteristics of Alien Soil Slope in Mining Wasteland of Wula Mountain[J]. 2023, 37(5): 24-30.
张馨予, 张晓霞, 王冬, 等. 土壤结皮对乌拉山矿山废弃地客土坡面侵蚀特征的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2023,37(5):24-30. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.05.003.

ZHANG Xinyu, ZHANG Xiangxia, WANG Dong, et al. Effects of Soil Crusts on Erosion Characteristics of Alien Soil Slope in Mining Wasteland of Wula Mountain[J]. 2023, 37(5): 24-30. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.05.003.

摘要

土壤结皮对坡面水分入渗及侵蚀产沙具有重要影响

但其具体作用过程和机理尚存在一定争论。以乌拉山矿山废弃地客土坡面为研究对象

采用原位冲刷试验

研究不同坡长(2

10 m)和产流产沙过程中

土壤结皮对径流泥沙的影响。结果表明:(1)2 m土壤结皮坡面总径流和泥沙量显著增加

分别是对照坡面的2.17

1.56倍;4~10 m土壤结皮坡面总径流量和总泥沙量降低

其中总径流量为对照坡面的67.17%~78.45%

总泥沙量为对照坡面的54.53%~83.56%。(2)土壤结皮坡面与对照坡面产流速率随产流时间变化基本一致

呈现波动稳定或略微提高趋势;产沙速率在对照坡面随产流时间呈下降趋势

而在结皮土壤坡面呈现下降与稳定2种趋势。(3)累积径流量、累积泥沙量与产流时间关系均可用线性函数和幂函数表达。随产流时间变化

土壤结皮坡面对累积径流量的影响可分为全程提高、全程降低、先提高后降低3种类型

对累积泥沙量的影响可分为提高与降低2种类型。因此

土壤结皮对坡面产流产沙过程的抑制或促进作用与坡长和侵蚀发生过程密切相关。

Abstract

Soil crust has an important influence on water infiltration and erosion sediment production on slope

but its specific process and mechanism are still under debate. In this study

taking the alien soil slope in mining wasteland of Wula Mountain as the research object

the effects of soil crust on runoff and sediment were investigated by in situ scouring tests on the slopes with different slope lengths (2 m

4 m

6 m

8 m and 10 m) and during flow and sand production process.The results showed that:(1) The total runoff and sediment yield on the 2 m slope increased significantly

which were 2.17 and 1.56 times of that on the control slope. The total runoff and sediment yield on the 4 to 10 m slopes decreased

and the total runoff was 67.17% to 78.45% of that on the control slope and the total sediment yield was 54.53% to 83.56% of that on the control slope. (2) The changes of runoff rate with time on the soil crust slope and the control slope were basically the same

showing a fluctuating and stable or slightly increasing trend. The sediment yield rate on the control slope showed a decreasing trend with time

while on the soil crust slope showed two trends of decreasing and stabilizing. (3) The relationship between cumulative runoff

cumulative sediment yield and runoff generation time could be expressed by linear function and power function. With the change of runoff generation time

the effects of soil crust slope on the accumulated runoff volume could be divided into three types:increase

decrease

increase firstly and then decrease. And the effects on the accumulated sediment yield could be divided into two types:increase and decrease. Therefore

the inhibiting or promoting effect of soil crust on process of runoff and sediment yield on the slope surface was closely related to the slope length and erosion occurrence process.

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