减氮配施硝化抑制剂与菌剂对温室黄瓜产量品质和土壤氮素损失的影响

赵宇晴; 杨迎; 田晓楠; 郭娇; 张丽娟; 郭艳杰; 李博文

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.04.033

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减氮配施硝化抑制剂与菌剂对温室黄瓜产量品质和土壤氮素损失的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 减氮配施硝化抑制剂与菌剂对温室黄瓜产量品质和土壤氮素损失的影响
- Effects of Nitrogen Reduction Combined with Nitrification Inhibitor and Microbial Agents on Greenhouse Cucumber Yield and Quality and Soil Nitrogen Loss
- 水土保持学报 2023年37卷第4期页码：267-277
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,河北,保定,071001
  2. 河北省农田生态环境重点实验室,河北,保定,071001
  3. 河北师范大学环境科技有限公司,石家庄,050000
  4. 华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室,河北,保定,071001
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "赵宇晴(1999-),女,硕士研究生,主要从事农业环境技术与应用研究。E-mail:1813044785@qq.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  河北省重点研发计划项目(21326905D);河北省现代农业产业技术体系蔬菜产业创新团队项目(HBCT2018030206);国家自然科学基金项目(21307025)
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.04.033
  中图分类号： S156.2
- 纸质出版：2023
- 稿件说明：
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赵宇晴, 杨迎, 田晓楠, 等. 减氮配施硝化抑制剂与菌剂对温室黄瓜产量品质和土壤氮素损失的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2023,37(4):267-277.

ZHAO Yuqing, YANG Ying, TIAN Xiaonan, et al. Effects of Nitrogen Reduction Combined with Nitrification Inhibitor and Microbial Agents on Greenhouse Cucumber Yield and Quality and Soil Nitrogen Loss[J]. 2023, 37(4): 267-277.
赵宇晴, 杨迎, 田晓楠, 等. 减氮配施硝化抑制剂与菌剂对温室黄瓜产量品质和土壤氮素损失的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2023,37(4):267-277. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.04.033.

ZHAO Yuqing, YANG Ying, TIAN Xiaonan, et al. Effects of Nitrogen Reduction Combined with Nitrification Inhibitor and Microbial Agents on Greenhouse Cucumber Yield and Quality and Soil Nitrogen Loss[J]. 2023, 37(4): 267-277. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.04.033.

摘要

通过探究减氮配施硝化抑制剂DMPP与微生物菌剂及二者联合施用对温室黄瓜土壤氮素各主要途径损失及黄瓜对氮素吸收利用的影响

并结合黄瓜产量和品质

旨在筛选出温室黄瓜生产的适宜氮素损失调控措施。以黄瓜品种"津绿20-10"为试验材料进行田间小区试验

设置6个处理

分别为不施氮对照(CK)、常规施氮(CN)、减氮(RN)、减氮+DMPP(RND)、减氮+微生物菌剂(RNM)、减氮+DMPP+微生物菌剂(RND+M)。监测分析了土壤氧化亚氮(N2O)排放、氨(NH3)挥发和土壤剖面硝态氮(NO3--N)累积量

以及黄瓜对氮素的吸收利用、产量和品质指标。结果表明:(1)与CN相比

RN、RND、RNM和RND+M能够促进黄瓜对氮素的吸收和利用

提高氮素利用率。等氮条件下

RND+M可使黄瓜地上部植株氮素总吸收量增加18.93%

尤其是氮肥表观利用率(REN)和农学效率(AEN)

分别达到25.30%和41.16 kg/kg(p<0.05)

表现出明显的正协同效应

且优于硝化抑制剂或菌剂单施效果。(2)RN、RND、RNM和RND+M较CN可使土壤N2O排放显著降低26.38%~41.45%、NH3挥发明显减少28.82%~37.70%

0—120 cm土壤剖面NO3--N累积显著降低13.07%~62.32%;等氮条件下

RNM处理对土壤N2O排放和NH3挥发影响不大

但能显著降低90—120 cm土层NO3--N累积量

较RN降低27.35%。RND和RND+M可使N2O排放分别降低20.11%和20.47%

0—120 cm土壤剖面NO3--N累积量分别降低30.06%和24.70%

减少氮素在土壤中的累积和淋失风险

但增加NH3挥发风险(p＞0.05)

总体表现为RND≈RND+M≥RNM≈RN。(3)RND+M处理产量为70.32 t/hm2

节本增收较RN增加5 150元/hm2

且其在提高黄瓜果实品质方面效果较明显

可溶性蛋白含量较RN及RNM处理分别提高16.36%与4.01%。综合经济效益和环境效益

尤其是土壤可持续发展角度考虑

试验条件下

追施氮素316 kg/hm2

同时配施2%纯氮量的DMPP与75 L/hm2菌剂

是实现温室黄瓜增产提质、绿色高质量发展的适宜氮素损失调控措施。

Abstract

By exploring the effects of nitrogen reduction combined with nitrification inhibitor DMPP and microbial agents and their combined application on soil nitrogen losses in different ways and nitrogen absorption and utilization of cucumber planting in greenhouse

and to screen the optimum nitrogen losses regulation measures for greenhouse vegetable production system by considering both yield and quality. The cucumber variety "Jinlv 20-10" was used as the experimental material to carry out filed experiment

and six treatments were set up

including no nitrogen application control (CK)

conventional nitrogen application (CN)

nitrogen reduction application (RN)

nitrogen reduction application + DMPP (RND)

nitrogen reduction application + microbial agent (RNM)

nitrogen reduction application + DMPP + microbial agent (RND+M). Soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emission

ammonia (NH3) volatilization and soil profile nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) accumulation

as well as the absorption and utilization

yield

and quality indicators of nitrogen by cucumbers were monitored and analyzed. The results showed that: (1) Compared with CN treatment

the absorption and utilization of nitrogen and nitrogen utilization rate of cucumber were improved by RN

RND

RNM and RND+M treatments. Under the same nitrogen application rate

RND+M treatment could increase total nitrogen absorption in shoots of cucumber by 18.93%

especially the apparent recovery rate of applied nitrogen (REN) and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer (AEN) could reached up to 25.30% and 41.16 kg/kg (p<0.05)

respectively

showing obvious positive synergistic effect

and better than the application of DMPP or microbial agent alone. (2) The soil N2O emission

NH3 volatilization and NO3--N accumulation in 0-120 cm soil profile were significantly decreased by 26.38%~41.45%

28.82%~37.70%

and 13.07%~62.32% in the RN

RND

RNM and RND+M treatments compared with CN

respectively. Under the same nitrogen application rate

RNM treatment had little effect on N2O emission and NH3 volatilization in soil

but it could significantly reduce the NO3--N accumulation in 90-120 cm soil layer

which was 27.35% lower than that of RN. The N2O emission in the treatments of RND and RND+M were reduced by 20.11% and 20.47%

and NO3--N accumulation in 0—120 cm soil profile were reduced by 30.06% and 24.70%

respectively

reducing the risk of nitrogen accumulation and leaching in the soil but increasing the potential risk of NH3 volatilization (p>0.05). The performance of prevention and control of nitrogen losses was as follows: RND≈RND+M≥RNM≈RN. (3) Compared with RN treatment

the cucumber yield in RND+M treatments reached up to 70.32 t/hm2. Besides

the cost-saving and profit-increasing increased 5150 yuan/hm2. Moreover

the effect of RND+M treatment on improving the quality of cucumber fruit was more obvious

and the soluble protein content was 16.36% and 4.01% higher than that of RN and RNM treatment respectively. Comprehensive considering both the economic and environmental benefits

especially from the perspective view of sustainable soil development

under the experimental conditions

nitrogen applied as top dressing at the rate of 316 kg/hm2

combined with 2% pure nitrogen of DMPP and 75 L/hm2 microbial agent

which is considered to be an appropriate nitrogen losses regulation measure to achieve the high yield and quality

and green and high-quality development of greenhouse cucumber.

关键词

Keywords

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