红壤区裸露坡地不同类型次降雨的产流产沙规律

王赫; 杨舜成; 岳晓峰; 蒋芳市; 张越; 黄炎和; 林金石

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.04.009

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红壤区裸露坡地不同类型次降雨的产流产沙规律

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 红壤区裸露坡地不同类型次降雨的产流产沙规律
- Runoff and Sediment of Different Rainfall Types on Bare Slope in the Red Soil Region
- 水土保持学报 2023年37卷第4期页码：61-68
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 福建农林大学金山水土保持科教园,福州,350002
  2. 福建省水土保持试验站,福州,350003
  3. 哈尔滨工业大学(威海)理学院,山东,威海,264209
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "王赫(1993-),女,博士研究生,主要从事农业水土工程研究。E-mail:977568251@qq.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFE0118100-9);福建省水利厅科研项目(KH210175A)
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.04.009
  中图分类号： S157.1
- 纸质出版：2023
- 稿件说明：
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王赫, 杨舜成, 岳晓峰, 等. 红壤区裸露坡地不同类型次降雨的产流产沙规律[J]. 水土保持学报, 2023,37(4):61-68.

WANG He, YANG Shuncheng, YUE Xiaofeng, et al. Runoff and Sediment of Different Rainfall Types on Bare Slope in the Red Soil Region[J]. 2023, 37(4): 61-68.
王赫, 杨舜成, 岳晓峰, 等. 红壤区裸露坡地不同类型次降雨的产流产沙规律[J]. 水土保持学报, 2023,37(4):61-68. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.04.009.

WANG He, YANG Shuncheng, YUE Xiaofeng, et al. Runoff and Sediment of Different Rainfall Types on Bare Slope in the Red Soil Region[J]. 2023, 37(4): 61-68. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.04.009.

摘要

为探究红壤区裸露坡地在不同类型次降雨下的产流产沙规律

研究收集长汀县水土保持科教园红壤裸露坡地径流小区2013年1月至2020年12月共388场降雨—径流—土壤侵蚀观测资料

采用K-means将降雨划分为4类进行分析。结果表明:(1)主要降雨类型有A(短历时、大雨强、小雨量、低频次)、B(长历时、小雨强、大雨量、中频次)、C(中等历时、小雨强、小雨量、高频次)3类

B、C为研究区主要产流产沙来源

贡献85%以上的径流和土壤侵蚀量。(2)次降雨径流深及土壤侵蚀量与降雨量(P)、最大30 min雨强(I30)和降雨动能(E)呈线性正相关

与降雨侵蚀力(EI30)呈幂函数关系。但降雨特征对产流产沙的总解释度小于65%

且随着降雨历时的增加而减小。(3)降雨特征与产流产沙存在3种约束关系

其约束线表明降雨特征对次降雨潜在最大产流产沙的影响。其中

潜在最大径流深主要由P和E决定

潜在最大土壤侵蚀量的上限为800~900 t/hm2。从降雨特征单因子影响、综合影响和约束效应3个方面分析了红壤裸露坡地的产流产沙特征

为红壤区水土流失防治提供了数据基础。

Abstract

In order to explore the characteristics of runoff and sediment of different rainfall types on bare slope in the red soil region

the data of 388 rainfall-runoff-soil erosion observations were collected from January 2013 to December 2020 in the red soil bare slope runoff community of Soil and Water Conservation Center of Changting Country

and rainfall events were divided by K-means clustering method into 4 types for analyzing. The results indicated that: (1) There were 3 main rainfall types in the study area

including A (short duration

large rainfall intensity

small rainfall amount

and low frequency)

B (long duration

light rainfall intensity

large rainfall amount

and medium frequency) and C (medium duration

light rainfall intensity

small rainfall amount

and high frequency). Types B and C were the main sources of runoff and sediment yield on bare slope

which contributed more than 85% of runoff and soil erosion; (2) Runoff depth and soil erosion of single-rainfall were linearly positively correlated with the rainfall amount (P)

maximal rainfall intensity of 30 min (I30) and rainfall kinetic energy (E)

and presented a power function relationship with rainfall erosivity (EI30). However

the total interpretation of rainfall characteristics on runoff and sediment was less than 65%

and decreased with the increase of rainfall duration; (3) There were 3 kinds of constraints between rainfall characteristics and runoff and sediment of bare slope

and the constraint line showed the influence of rainfall characteristics on the potential maximum runoff depth and soil erosion. The potential maximum runoff depth of single-rainfall was mainly determined by P and E

and the potential maximum soil erosion of single-rainfall had a ceiling of 800~900 t/hm2. The runoff and soil erosion characteristics of bare slope in the red soil region were analyzed from three aspects: single factor influences

comprehensive influences and constraint effects of rainfall characteristics

which provided a data basis for the soil erosion control in the red soil region.

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