甘肃省小陇山林区降雨型浅层滑坡汇水面积-坡度关系及其影响因素

张晓曼; 马超; 张岩; 邓家勇; 代智盛

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.04.008

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甘肃省小陇山林区降雨型浅层滑坡汇水面积-坡度关系及其影响因素

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 甘肃省小陇山林区降雨型浅层滑坡汇水面积-坡度关系及其影响因素
- Research on the Area-Slope Relationship of Typical Rainfall Shallow Landslides in Xiaolong Mountain Forest Area of Gansu Province and Its Influencing Factors
- 水土保持学报 2023年37卷第4期页码：54-60
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京,100083
  2. 山西吉县森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,山西,临汾,042200
  3. 云南建设基础设施投资股份有限公司,昆明,650000
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "张晓曼(1997-),女,硕士研究生,主要从事山地灾害防治研究。E-mail:1047376252@qq.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目(42130701,42177309)
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.04.008
  中图分类号： P642.3
- 纸质出版：2023
- 稿件说明：
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张晓曼, 马超, 张岩, 等. 甘肃省小陇山林区降雨型浅层滑坡汇水面积-坡度关系及其影响因素[J]. 水土保持学报, 2023,37(4):54-60.

ZHANG Xiaoman, MA Chao, ZHANG Yan, et al. Research on the Area-Slope Relationship of Typical Rainfall Shallow Landslides in Xiaolong Mountain Forest Area of Gansu Province and Its Influencing Factors[J]. 2023, 37(4): 54-60.
张晓曼, 马超, 张岩, 等. 甘肃省小陇山林区降雨型浅层滑坡汇水面积-坡度关系及其影响因素[J]. 水土保持学报, 2023,37(4):54-60. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.04.008.

ZHANG Xiaoman, MA Chao, ZHANG Yan, et al. Research on the Area-Slope Relationship of Typical Rainfall Shallow Landslides in Xiaolong Mountain Forest Area of Gansu Province and Its Influencing Factors[J]. 2023, 37(4): 54-60. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.04.008.

摘要

沟头发生侵蚀的地形临界模型可有效预测侵蚀沟的形成条件

浅层滑坡失稳形成的洼地也是沟头形成的方式之一。为探究浅层滑坡临界起动模型的特点

以甘肃省天水市小陇山林区的降雨型浅层滑坡为研究对象

运用汇水面积-坡度关系

构建临界起动模型

与黄土高原典型侵蚀沟(浅沟、切沟)的临界起动模型进行对比分析

并探讨土地利用类型、植被类型和土壤质地对该模型的影响。结果表明:(1)浅层滑坡临界起动模型为S=3.50As-0.34

其侵蚀阈值为3.50

大于黄土高原典型浅沟(0.96)和切沟(1.54)的侵蚀阈值。研究区浅层滑坡一般发生于土层较薄的陡坡地带

其平均坡度(S=1.26)大于浅沟(S=0.35)与切沟(S=0.46)

单位汇水面积(A=89.08 m2/m)小于浅沟(A=920.93 m2/m)和切沟(A=1 129.82 m2/m)。(2)汇水面积与坡度平方的乘积(AS2)代表了沟头产生侵蚀的能量指标值。研究区浅层滑坡AS2值在269.1~5 703.2 m2

平均值为1 772.97 m2

黄土高原浅沟AS2值在4.74~892.66 m2

切沟在41~814 m2

启动能量值方面

浅沟

Abstract

The topographic critical model for the occurrence of erosion at gully head can effectively predict the conditions for the formation of erosion gullies

the depression formed by shallow landslide instability is also one of the ways of gully head formation. In order to explore the characteristics of the critical initiation model of shallow landslides

the rainfall-type shallow landslides in the Xiaolong mountain area of Tianshui City

Gansu Province was taken as the research project. We used area-slope relationship to construct the shallow landslide critical initiation model

and compared with the critical initiation model for typical erosion gully ephemeral gullies and permanent gullies located in the Loess Plateau. The effects of land use type

vegetation type and soil texture on the critical initiation model were also discussed. The results showed that: (1) The critical initiating model of shallow landslides was S=3.50As-0.34

and its topographic threshold was 3.50

which was larger than ephemenral gullies (0.96) and permanent gullies (1.54) in the Loess Plateau. Shallow landslides in the study area generally occurred on steep slope area with thin soil layer

and the average slope (S=1.26 m/m) was higher than ephemeral gullies (S=0.35 m/m) and permanent gullies(S=0.46 m/m). The unit upslope drainage area (A=89.08 m2/m) was less than the ephemeral gullies(A=920.93 m2/m) and permanent gullies (A=1 129.82 m2/m). (2) The product of upslope drainage area and the square of the critical slope gradient (AS2) was used as an important energy index for gully formation. The AS2 value of shallow landslide in the study area ranged from 269.1 to 5 703.2 m2

with an average value of 1 772.97 m2. The AS2 value of ephemeral gullies in the Loess Plateau ranged from 4.74 to 892.66 m2

and that of permanent gullies in 41 to 814 m2. In terms of starting energy value

ephemeral gullies < permcnent gullies < shallow landslides. (3) Land-use type

vegetation type and soil texture had an effect on the initiation of shallow landslide by affecting the resistance

permeability and clay content of soil. Among different land use modes

agricultural land was the most vulnerable to erosion

followed by forest land. The erosion resistance of landslides near Pinus tabulaeformis forest was higher than those in Larix kaempferi forest. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for exploring the initiation conditions of shallow landslides.

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Keywords

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