缓释肥等氮替代尿素对坡耕地径流氮素流失和青贮玉米生长的影响

陈佳钰; 李永梅; 廖学圆; 范茂攀; 王自林; 赵吉霞

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.04.006

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

缓释肥等氮替代尿素对坡耕地径流氮素流失和青贮玉米生长的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 缓释肥等氮替代尿素对坡耕地径流氮素流失和青贮玉米生长的影响
- Effect of Slow-release Fertilizer with Equal Nitrogen Substitution for Urea on Runoff Nitrogen Loss and Silage Maize Growth on Sloping Land
- 水土保持学报 2023年37卷第4期页码：38-46
- 作者机构：
  
  云南农业大学资源与环境学院,昆明,650201
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "陈佳钰(1997-),女,硕士研究生,主要从事坡耕地水土保持研究。E-mail:969032210@qq.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目(41661063,42007002);云南省科技重大专项(2019ZG00902-08)
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.04.006
  中图分类号： S513;S143.1
- 纸质出版：2023
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
陈佳钰, 李永梅, 廖学圆, 等. 缓释肥等氮替代尿素对坡耕地径流氮素流失和青贮玉米生长的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2023,37(4):38-46.

CHEN Jiayu, LI Yongmei, LIAO Xueyuan, et al. Effect of Slow-release Fertilizer with Equal Nitrogen Substitution for Urea on Runoff Nitrogen Loss and Silage Maize Growth on Sloping Land[J]. 2023, 37(4): 38-46.
陈佳钰, 李永梅, 廖学圆, 等. 缓释肥等氮替代尿素对坡耕地径流氮素流失和青贮玉米生长的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2023,37(4):38-46. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.04.006.

CHEN Jiayu, LI Yongmei, LIAO Xueyuan, et al. Effect of Slow-release Fertilizer with Equal Nitrogen Substitution for Urea on Runoff Nitrogen Loss and Silage Maize Growth on Sloping Land[J]. 2023, 37(4): 38-46. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.04.006.

摘要

为比较单施尿素与尿素和缓释肥配施对云南坡耕地径流氮流失、土壤养分及青贮饲用玉米生长的影响作用。通过自然降雨下的径流槽试验

在等氮条件下按云南常规施肥量设置单施尿素(CK)、添加硝化抑制剂速溶诺泰克®21等氮替代40%的尿素+60%普通尿素(处理I)和聚谷氨酸增效3代等氮替代40%的尿素+60%普通尿素(处理Ⅱ)3个处理。结果表明:生育期内尿素配施缓释肥的处理I和处理Ⅱ与单施尿素CK处理相比

总氮、铵态氮和硝态氮流失浓度削减量最高分别为2.59

1.60

1.42 mg/L和1.61

1.38

1.25 mg/L;累计流失量与CK相比

处理I、处理Ⅱ的总氮、铵态氮和硝态氮累计流失量分别削减18.56%

16.19%

24.31%和10.75%

8.73%

17.08%。在青贮玉米生育期内

配施缓释肥处理土壤较CK处理铵态氮含量分别显著提高13.94%~45.04%和9.63%~22.39%

硝态氮含量分别显著降低3.70%~29.91%

8.61%~12.55%

土壤微生物生物量氮含量分别显著提高22.13%~31.76%

11.80%~22.81%。尿素配施缓释肥也可以显著提高青贮玉米产量和植株氮吸收量

并通过显著提高植株粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量

降低粗灰分和洗涤纤维含量来提高其品质性状。相关性分析可知

径流氮流失与土壤氮含量、青贮玉米产量和植株吸氮量呈负相关关系

土壤氮素与产量和植株氮吸收均呈正相关关系

产量与植株氮吸收呈极显著正相关关系。综上所述

与单施尿素相比

尿素配施缓释氮肥能够减缓土壤氮素的硝化过程

显著增强土壤的固氮能力

维持土壤高氮素水平

进而提高青贮饲用玉米的产量和品质

为红壤坡耕地青贮玉米种植的施肥提供科学理论依据。

Abstract

To compare the effects of single urea and urea combined with slow-release fertilizer application on runoff nitrogen loss

soil nutrients and growth of silage forage maize in slope arable land of Yunnan Province. In the runoff trough experiment under natural rainfall

three treatments of single urea (CK)

urea supplemented with the nitrification inhibitor Instant Nortech ®21 with 40% N replacement + 60% common urea (Treatment I) and polyglutamate Plus 3 with 40% N replacement + 60% common urea (Treatment Ⅱ) were set up under iso-nitrogen conditions according to conventional fertilizer application rates in Yunnan. The results showed that the highest reductions of total N

ammonium N and nitrate N loss concentrations were 2.59

1.60

1.42 mg/L and 1.61

1.38

1.25 mg/L for treatments I and Ⅱ

respectively

when compared with CK treatment during the fertility period. Compared to CK

the cumulative losses of total nitrogen

ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen were reduced by 18.56%

16.19%

24.31% and 10.75%

8.73% and 17.08% for treatments I and Ⅱ

respectively. During the growth period of silage maize

the combined application of slow release fertilizer treatment significantly increased the ammonium N content by 13.94%~45.04% and 9.63%~22.39%

significantly reduced the nitrate N content by 3.70% ~29.91% and 8.61%~12.55%

and significantly increased the soil microbial biomass N content by 22.13%~31.76% and 11.80%~22.81%. Urea combined with slow-release fertilizer could also significantly increase the silage yield and plant N uptake

and improve the quality traits of silage maize by significantly increasing the crude protein and crude fat contents and reducing the crude ash and detergent fibre contents of the plant. Correlation analysis showed that runoff N loss was negatively correlated with soil N content

silage maize yield and plant N uptake

soil N was positively correlated with both yield and plant N uptake

and yield was significantly positively correlated with plant N uptake. In conclusion

compared with single urea

urea combined with slow-release nitrogen fertilizer could slow down the nitrification process of soil nitrogen

significantly enhance the nitrogen fixing ability of soil

maintainthe high nitrogen level of soil

and thus improve the yield and quality of silage maize

providing a scientific and theoretical basis for the fertilization of silage maize in red soil slope arable land.

关键词

Keywords

references

陈正发,史东梅,何伟,等.1980-2015年云南坡耕地资源时空分布及演变特征分析[J].农业工程学报,2019,35(15):256-265.

金慧芳,史东梅,钟义军,等.红壤坡耕地耕层土壤质量退化特征及障碍因子诊断[J].农业工程学报,2019,35(20):84-93.

张丽,张乃明,张仕颖,等.AMF和间作对作物产量和坡耕地土壤径流氮磷流失的影响[J].农业工程学报,2019,35(22):216-224.

赵小敏,邵华,石庆华,等.近30年江西省耕地土壤全氮含量时空变化特征[J].土壤学报,2015,52(4):298-305.

李晓红,韩勇,郑阳华.三峡库区坡耕地土壤侵蚀治理效益分析[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2007,30(1):134-138.

朱兆良,金继运.保障我国粮食安全的肥料问题[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(2):259-273.

赵桂茹,安曈昕,欧阳铖人,等.青贮玉米氮投入对坡耕地土壤侵蚀及水稳性团聚体的影响[J].水土保持学报,2021,35(5):72-79.

衣文平,孙哲,武良,等.包膜控释尿素与普通尿素配施对冬小麦生长发育及土壤硝态氮的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(3):687-693.

Trinh T H, Kushaari K, Shuib A S, et al. Modeling the release of nitrogen from controlled release fertilizer: Constant and decay release[J].Biosystems Engineering,2015,130:34-42.

Qiu Y M, Wang Q, Zhu C J, et al. Deciphering metabolic responses of biosurfactant lichenysin on biosynthesis of poly-γ-glutamic acid[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2019,103(5):4003-4015.

郑沛,宋付朋,马富亮.硫膜与树脂膜控释尿素对小麦不同生育时期土壤氮素的调控及其产量效应[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(4):122-127.

李玉浩,何杰,王昌全,等.控释氮肥配施尿素对土壤无机氮、微生物及水稻生长的影响[J].土壤,2018,50(3):469-475.

张宁宁,赵德强,韩云良,等.尿素与缓释肥同一氮素水平下配施对黄土台塬区春玉米生长的影响[J].西北农业学报,2020,29(11):1642-1650.

王雪薇,刘涛,褚贵新.3种硝化抑制剂抑制土壤硝化作用比较及用量研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(1):54-61.

刁倩,王斌,曹辉,等.γ-聚谷氨酸对水稻、玉米、大豆生长及产量的影响[J].南方农业,2020,14(28):48-52.

王思阳,李广浩,陆卫平,等.缓释肥施用时期对春播鲜食糯玉米产量和籽粒品质的影响[J].核农学报,2021,35(9):2136-2144.

国家环境保护总局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.中国环境科学出版社,2002:254-258.

Haynes R. Labile organic matter as an indicator of organic matter quality in arable and pastoral soils in New Zealand[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2000,32(2):211-219.

晏军,吴启侠,朱建强,等.适雨灌溉下不同施肥模式对机插稻稻田水环境及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2020,39(2):56-63.

丁志磊,祖艳群,陈建军,等.施用不同比例缓释肥对农林复合系统地表径流氮磷流失过程的影响[J].云南农业大学学报,2016,31(2):335-340.

王爱斌,宋慧芳,张流洋,等.生物肥和菌肥对蓝莓苗生长及土壤养分的影响[J].南京林业大学学报,2020,44(6):63-70.

吴晓荣,张蓓蓓,余云飞,等.硝化抑制剂对典型茶园土壤尿素硝化过程的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(10):2063-2070.

周旋,吴良欢,董春华,等.氮肥配施生化抑制剂组合对黄泥田土壤氮素淋溶特征的影响[J].生态学报,2019,39(5):1804-1814.

李学红,李东坡,武志杰,等.脲酶/硝化抑制剂在黑土和褐土中对尿素氮转化的调控效果[J].应用生态学报,2021,32(4):1352-1360.

宁建凤,崔理华,艾绍英,等.2种硝化抑制剂对土壤氮转化的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(4):144-151.

丁济娜,李东坡,武志杰,等.土壤理化性质与生物活性对持续施用缓/控释尿素肥料的响应[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(7):1769-1778.

Gupta R, Swaim S, Rai A P. Impact of integrated application of vermicompost, farmyard manure and chemical fertilizers on okra (

Abelmoschus esculentus

L.) performance and soil biochemical properties[J].International Journal of Chemical Studies,2019,7(2):1714-1718.

覃潇敏,郑毅,汤利,等.玉米与马铃薯间作对根际微生物群落结构和多样性的影响[J].作物学报,2015,41(6):919-928.

刘颖慧,郭明,贾树利,等.影响青贮玉米品质因素研究进展[J].作物杂志,2018(2):6-10.

王晓维,杨文亭,缪建群,等.玉米-大豆间作和施氮对玉米产量及农艺性状的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(18):5275-5282.

王忠美,赵敏,朱玲玲,等.氮缓释复合肥对坝上地区青贮玉米产量及氮素利用率的影响[J].草地学报,2012,20(5):888-893.

Afreh D, Zhang J, Guan D H, et al. Long-term fertilization on nitrogen use efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions in a double maize cropping system in subtropical China[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2018,180:259-267.

王佳,李阳,贾倩民,等.种植密度与施氮对河西灌区青贮玉米产量与品质及水分利用效率的影响[J].西北农业学报,2021,30(1):60-73.

张苗苗,沈菊培,贺纪正,等.硝化抑制剂的微生物抑制机理及其应用[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(11):2077-2083.

唐海洋,冯涛,同琳静,等.聚谷氨酸硫基复合肥在甜高粱和多花黑麦草上的肥效[J].草业科学,2017,34(10):2117-2123.

Wang L F, Du H C, Han Z Q, et al. Nitrous oxide emissions from black soils with different pH[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2013,25(6):1071-1076.

刘诗璇,陈松岭,蒋一飞,等.控释氮肥与普通氮肥配施对东北春玉米氮素利用及土壤养分有效性的影响[J].生态环境学报,2019,28(5):939-947.

浏览量

984

下载量

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

菌剂与缓释肥配施对复垦土壤微生物生态的影响

基于地区和土类的吉林省农田耕层土壤氮素时空变化特征

秸秆颗粒改良剂对川西北高寒沙地土壤氮素和黑麦草生长的影响

有机肥替代化肥氮素对麦田土壤碳氮迁移特征的影响