黄土丘陵沟壑区小流域侵蚀沟数量及形态特征

张楠; 张岩; 王佳希; 张子清; 王文

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.03.015

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黄土丘陵沟壑区小流域侵蚀沟数量及形态特征

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 黄土丘陵沟壑区小流域侵蚀沟数量及形态特征
- Quantity and Morphological Parameters of Gullies in Small Watersheds in the Hilly-gully Loess Plateau
- 水土保持学报 2023年37卷第3期页码：109-115
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京,100083
  2. 山西吉县森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 山西吉县,042200
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "张楠(1997—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事土壤侵蚀与水土保持研究。E-mail:274783954@qq.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目(42177309);国家自然科学基金重点项目(42130701)
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.03.015
  中图分类号： S157.1
- 纸质出版：2023
- 稿件说明：
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张楠, 张岩, 王佳希, 等. 黄土丘陵沟壑区小流域侵蚀沟数量及形态特征[J]. 水土保持学报, 2023,37(3):109-115.

ZHANG Nan, ZHANG Yan, WANG Jiaxi, et al. Quantity and Morphological Parameters of Gullies in Small Watersheds in the Hilly-gully Loess Plateau[J]. 2023, 37(3): 109-115.
张楠, 张岩, 王佳希, 等. 黄土丘陵沟壑区小流域侵蚀沟数量及形态特征[J]. 水土保持学报, 2023,37(3):109-115. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.03.015.

ZHANG Nan, ZHANG Yan, WANG Jiaxi, et al. Quantity and Morphological Parameters of Gullies in Small Watersheds in the Hilly-gully Loess Plateau[J]. 2023, 37(3): 109-115. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.03.015.

摘要

为分析黄土高原不同类型侵蚀沟形态特征及其区域差异

以黄土高原第一副区和第五副区小流域为例

基于无人机影像(0.15 m)及DEM(1 m)

分析沟谷网络特征和各类型侵蚀沟的数量特征

并对比冲沟和切沟的二维、三维形态参数。结果表明:丘一区小流域主沟支沟比为1∶35.6

远小于丘五区小流域主沟支沟比(1∶22.0)

且各级沟谷密度多高于丘五区

表明丘一区支沟数量多

发育程度较高

地表更破碎

沟谷系统形态更复杂。丘一区和丘五区侵蚀沟类型都以切沟为主

密度分别为9.72

14.22 km/km2

冲沟密度分别为4.27

4.23 km/km2

冲沟数量虽少

但沟谷面积较大。切沟在沟谷网络分级中主要集中在1级

冲沟主要分布于1~3级

干沟多为3~5级。丘一区切沟除纵比降较大外

其他形态参数均明显小于丘五区

说明丘五区切沟规模更大

但两区冲沟形态差异较小。切沟、冲沟的体积和面积之间都具有显著的幂函数关系

但丘一区冲沟和切沟的判定系数更高

表明其同类侵蚀沟在形态上更具有相似性。研究结果为黄土高原侵蚀沟准确统计和小流域水土保持综合治理提供参考。

Abstract

Taking two small watersheds in the first sub-zone (Zone-1) and the fifth sub-zone (Zone-5) of the Loess Plateau as examples and based on UAV image (0.15 m) and DEM (1 m)

this paper aimed to analyze the characteristics of gully network

extract and analyze the quantitative characteristics of gullies as well as to compare morphological parameters of normal gullies and big gullies were based on random sampling. The results showed that: the gully channel system in Zone-1 is more complicate than that in Zone-5. The ratio of main gully channel to branches in the watershed in the first sub-zone was 1∶35.6

which was far larger than that in the fifth sub-zone (1∶22.0)

and densities of channels in Zone-1 was higher than that in Zone-5. Normal gullies were dominant in both zones with density of normal gully was 9.72 km/km2 in Zone-1 and 14.22 km/km2 in Zone-5. The number of big gullies were less than normal gullies

with density was 4.27 km/km2 in Zone-1 and 4.23 km/km2 in Zone-5. Most of normal gullies were grade 1 of channels in both zones

big gullies were belong to grade 1~3

and dry channel were mostly grade 3~5. Except for longitudinal gradient

other morphological parameters of normal gullies in Zone-1 were all smaller than the counterparts in Zone-5

while there was no obvious differences in big gullies in the two zones. Significant power function relationship between the gully volume and area were found for both normal gullies and big gullies in both zones. However

higher determinant coefficients implied that the morphology is more similar for same type of gullies in Zone-1 than that in Zone-5. The results can provide reference for accurate statistics of erosion gullies in the Loess Plateau and comprehensive management of soil and water conservation in small watersheds.

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