不同降水年型下耕作结合秸秆覆盖对马铃薯耗水特征及产量的影响

李丹; 王翻龙; 张龙; 赵富贵; 李荣; 侯贤清

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.02.032

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不同降水年型下耕作结合秸秆覆盖对马铃薯耗水特征及产量的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 不同降水年型下耕作结合秸秆覆盖对马铃薯耗水特征及产量的影响
- Effect of Tillage Combined with Straw Mulching on Water Consumption Characteristics and Yield of Potato Under Different Precipitation Years
- 水土保持学报 2023年37卷第2期页码：275-286
- 作者机构：
  
  宁夏大学农学院,银川,750021
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "李丹(1998—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事旱地保护性耕作技术研究。E-mail:ld1104916@163.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目(31860362,32160515);宁夏自然科学基金项目(2021AAC03003,2022AAC03061)
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.02.032
  中图分类号： S233;S532
- 纸质出版：2023
- 稿件说明：
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李丹, 王翻龙, 张龙, 等. 不同降水年型下耕作结合秸秆覆盖对马铃薯耗水特征及产量的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2023,37(2):275-286.

LI Dan, WANG Fanlong, ZHANG Long, et al. Effect of Tillage Combined with Straw Mulching on Water Consumption Characteristics and Yield of Potato Under Different Precipitation Years[J]. 2023, 37(2): 275-286.
李丹, 王翻龙, 张龙, 等. 不同降水年型下耕作结合秸秆覆盖对马铃薯耗水特征及产量的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2023,37(2):275-286. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.02.032.

LI Dan, WANG Fanlong, ZHANG Long, et al. Effect of Tillage Combined with Straw Mulching on Water Consumption Characteristics and Yield of Potato Under Different Precipitation Years[J]. 2023, 37(2): 275-286. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.02.032.

摘要

为探索不同降水年型下耕作结合秸秆覆盖措施对旱作马铃薯生育期土壤贮水量、作物耗水特征和产量形成的影响

连续3年在旱作区秋作物收获后通过设置不同耕作方式(免耕、深松、翻耕)结合秸秆覆盖进行大田试验研究。结果表明

经过3年耕作覆盖处理后

免耕、深松结合秸秆覆盖能显著降低0—40 cm层土壤容重

提高土壤有机质含量。保护性耕作结合秸秆覆盖措施可显著提高马铃薯生育期0—200 cm层土壤贮水量

相对欠水年和欠水年马铃薯全生育期土壤贮水量均以深松覆秸秆处理最高

分别较翻耕不覆盖显著提高15.80%和20.80%

平水年以免耕覆秸秆处理最高

较翻耕不覆盖显著提高14.78%。其中以深松覆秸秆处理对相对欠水年生长前期0—60 cm土层和中期120—200 cm土层、平水年前期20—100 cm土层及欠水年生育期0—80 cm土层土壤蓄水效果最佳。深松或免耕覆盖秸秆处理可显著降低马铃薯生长前期阶段耗水量、耗水模系数和耗水强度

显著提高生长中后期阶段耗水量、耗水模系数和耗水强度

尤其在欠水年效果较好。与翻耕不覆盖相比

深松覆秸秆处理更有利于增加马铃薯干物质量

尤其在欠水年生长中期增加地上部干物质量和在平水年生长中后期增加地下部干物质量效果明显。相对欠水年马铃薯产量和水分利用效率均以免耕覆秸秆处理效果最佳

分别较翻耕不覆盖显著提高51.82%和50.52%

平水年和欠水年均以深松覆秸秆处理效果最佳

平水年分别较翻耕不覆盖显著提高36.69%和29.48%

欠水年分别显著提高87.46%和62.31%;深松覆秸秆处理对提高相对欠水年和平水年商品薯率效果最好

免耕覆秸秆处理对提高欠水年商品薯率效果最好

分别较翻耕不覆盖显著提高12.88%

14.58%和26.18%。相关性分析发现

耕作覆秸秆处理下土壤容重降低

有机质含量增加

使土壤保水性能得到改善

协同提高马铃薯产量;且不同降水年型下生育期土壤水分特征对提高马铃薯产量起至关重要的作用

尤其在相对欠水年生长中后期土壤水分与产量呈显著或极显著正相关。可见

免耕或深松结合秸秆覆盖措施能改善马铃薯生育期土壤水分状况

调控作物耗水

从而增加干物质量

有利于马铃薯产量和水分利用效率的提高

以深松覆盖秸秆处理效果最佳。

Abstract

In order to explore the effects of tillage combined with straw mulching on soil water storage

crop water consumption characteristics and yield formation of upland potato growth period in different precipitation year types

the field experiment was conducted by setting different tillage methods (no-tillage

subsoiling

and ploughing tillage) combined with straw mulching after autumn crop harvest in dryland area for three consecutive years.The results showed that after three years of tillage and mulching treatment

no-tillage

subsoiling combined with straw mulching could significantly reduce soil bulk density and increase soil organic matter content in 0-40 cm layer.Conservation tillage combined with straw mulching could significantly improve soil water storage in 0-200 cm soil layer during potato growth period.The soil water storage in subsoiling with straw mulching treatment was the highest in the whole potato growth period in the relative less water year and the less water year

which was significantly increased by 15.80% and 20.80% than that of ploughing tillage without mulching

respectively.In the normal year

no tillage with straw mulching treatment was the highest

which was significantly increased by 14.78% than that of ploughing tillage without mulching.Among them

subsoiling with straw mulching treatment had the best soil water storage effect in 0—60 cm soil layer in early growth stage and 120—200 cm soil layer in middle growth stage of the relative less water year

20—100 cm soil layer in early normal year and 0—80 cm soil layer in growth stage of the relative less water year.Subsoiling or no-tillage with straw mulching treatment could significantly reduce the water consumption

water consumption modulus coefficient and water consumption intensity at the early stage of potato and significantly increase the water consumption

water consumption modulus coefficient and water consumption intensity at the middle and late stages of potato especially in the less water year.Compared with ploughing tillage without mulching

subsoiling with straw mulching was more conducive to the increase of dry matter mass of potato

especially in the middle growth stage of less water years and in the middle and late growth stages of normal years.In the relative less water year

potato yield and water use efficiency of no tillage with straw mulching treatment were the best

which were significantly increased by 51.82% and 50.52% than that of ploughing tillage without mulching respectively.In the normal year and the less water year

the effect of subsoiling with straw mulching treatment was the best

which were significantly increased by 36.69% and 29.48% than that of ploughing tillage without mulching in the normal year

and significantly increased by 87.46% and 62.31% respectively in the less water year.Subsoiling with straw mulching treatment had the best effect on increasing the commodity rate of potato in the relative less water year and the normal year

and no tillage with straw mulching treatment had the best effect on increasing the commodity rate of potato in the less water year

which was significantly increased by 12.88%

14.58% and 26.18%

respectively

compared with ploughing tillage without mulching.Correlation analysis showed that soil bulk density and organic matter content increased under the tillage with straw mulching

which improved soil water retention performance and the potato yield.The soil moisture characteristics played a crucial role in improving potato yield during the growth period of potato under different precipitation years

especially in the middle and late growth period of potato in relative less water years

soil moisture was significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with the yield.It could be seen that no-tillage or subsoiling combined with straw mulching could improve the soil moisture status during potato growth period

regulate crop water consumption and increase the dry matter accumulation

which was beneficial to improve the potato yield and water use efficiency

and the subsoiling with straw mulching has the best effect.

关键词

Keywords

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