To clarify the characteristics of main grain yield

import and export

fertilizer consumption

this study analyzed the spatial and temporal variations of total yield

yield per unit area

sowing area

chemical fertilizer consumption and import and export of the five food crops (paddy

wheat

maize soybean and potato) in China during 2000-2020. The data of which were all from the China Statistical Yearbook (2000-2021). The results showed a progressive increase in the main grain yield of China for 17 years during the 2003-2020

the increase mainly presented in higher maize yield in northeast

north and northwest agricultural areas. In the past 20 years

grain crops yield of five crops showed an increasing trend

the highest yield per unit areas was paddy

but the highest increased was wheat (89.9%)

while the lowest increased was paddy (12.3%). The sowing acreage of five grain sowing in China increased 10.4% in the past 20 years. Overall

the contribution rates of grain planting area and yield per unit area to grain yield increase in China were 19.9% and 80.1% respectively. In 2000-2020

the four kinds of crops paddy

wheat

corn and soybean imports increased

the highest was soyabean

which accounted for 82.6% of the four crops imports in 2020. The consumption of the fertilizer in China increased first and then decreased

which reached the peak in 2015 for 6 022.6 million tons. The amount of fertilizer application primarily centered in north China and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River accounting for 55.1% of national total fertilizer consumption (51.465 million tons)

while the largest fertilizer application intensity were the southeast and north China areas

which was 66.4 % and 25.7% higher than the national average (322.6 kg/hm2) respectively. Above all

in the past 20 years

the total output of major grain crops in China has shown an increasing trend

and the increase of grain yield per unit area was the main contribution factor

and China’s grain products trade changed from original regulator shortage to large-scale soybean import

while the amount of fertilizer consumption in China increased first until the peak in 2015 and then decreased gradually.