无定河流域极端泥沙变化特征及其影响因素

李梦楠; 于坤霞; 张翔; 杨志; 李鹏; 李占斌

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.01.017

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无定河流域极端泥沙变化特征及其影响因素

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 无定河流域极端泥沙变化特征及其影响因素
- Variation Characteristics of Extreme Sediment and Its Influencing Factors in the Wuding River Basin
- 水土保持学报 2023年37卷第1期页码：114-122
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 西安理工大学省部共建西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,西安,710048
  2. 西安理工大学旱区生态水文与灾害防治国家林业局重点实验室,西安,710048
  3. 西安市智慧环保综合指挥中心,西安,710018
  4. 宁夏回族自治区水土保持监测总站,银川,750002
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "李梦楠(1997-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事流域水沙变化研究。E-mail:limengnan_97@163.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目(52079104);宁夏区水利科技项目(SBZZ-J-2021-12);陕西省博士后科研项目(2018BSHQYXMZZ06)
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.01.017
  中图分类号： TV145
- 纸质出版：2023
- 稿件说明：
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李梦楠, 于坤霞, 张翔, 等. 无定河流域极端泥沙变化特征及其影响因素[J]. 水土保持学报, 2023,37(1):114-122.

LI Mengnan, YU Kunxia, ZHANG Xiang, et al. Variation Characteristics of Extreme Sediment and Its Influencing Factors in the Wuding River Basin[J]. 2023, 37(1): 114-122.
李梦楠, 于坤霞, 张翔, 等. 无定河流域极端泥沙变化特征及其影响因素[J]. 水土保持学报, 2023,37(1):114-122. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.01.017.

LI Mengnan, YU Kunxia, ZHANG Xiang, et al. Variation Characteristics of Extreme Sediment and Its Influencing Factors in the Wuding River Basin[J]. 2023, 37(1): 114-122. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.01.017.

摘要

近几十年来

全球气候变化异常

极端水文事件频繁发生

认识极端泥沙的动态变化并探究其可能影响因素对于预防泥沙灾害具有重要的现实意义。以黄河中游无定河流域为研究对象

从量级、时间、强度和频次4个方面

构建最大1日含沙量(Sx1d)、最大5日含沙量(Sx5d)、年最大1日含沙发生时间(DSx1d)、年最大5日含沙发生时间(DSx5d)、年均含沙量(Sint)、强含沙量(S95p)、极强含沙量(S99p)、高含沙水流日数(S200)共8个极端泥沙指标

采用Mann-Kendall趋势检验、圆分布统计法分析极端泥沙指标的变化趋势及时间分布特征

基于Pettitt检验判定指标变异时间

并应用RVA法定量评价各指标的变化程度

最后探讨降雨侵蚀力和生态建设措施对极端泥沙变化的影响

以及造成极端泥沙变化的主要因素。结果表明:(1)1958—2018年

无定河流域极端泥沙指标均呈显著减小趋势(p<0.05);(2)Sx1d的发生高峰期为6月30日至8月18日

Sx5d的发生高峰期为7月11日至8月17日

比Sx1d的发生时间更为集中;(3)S200发生中度改变

Sx1d、Sx5d、Sint、S95p和S99p发生高度改变

且S95p和S99p的改变度最大

改变度达-100%

极端泥沙指标整体改变度为83.72%

属于高度改变;(4)1963—1966年

降雨侵蚀力的降低在一定程度上导致无定河流域极端泥沙的减少;1982—2018年

NDVI和年累积坝控面积(Ad)与极端泥沙指标均呈显著负相关(p<0.05)

且通径分析表明

Ad比NDVI对极端泥沙指标的直接作用更大

是影响极端泥沙变化的主要因素。研究成果有助于增强对无定河流域极端泥沙变化的认识

为制定泥沙灾害防范策略提供一定的理论依据。

Abstract

In recent decades

global climate has changed abnormally and extreme hydrological events have occurred frequently. It is of great significance to understand the dynamic changes of extreme sediment and explore its possible influencing factors for preventing sediment disasters. In this study

the Wuding river basin in the middle reaches of the Yellow River was taken as the research object. From the four aspects of magnitude

time

intensity and frequency

eight extreme sediment indexes were established

including annual maximum 1-day sediment concentration (Sx1d)

annual maximum 5-days sediment concentration (Sx5d)

occurrence date of annual maximum 1-day sediment concentration (DSx1d)

occurrence date of annual maximum 5-days sediment concentration (DSx5d)

average annual sediment concentration (Sint)

high sediment concentration (S95p)

extremely high sediment concentration (S99p)

and days of hyperconcentrated flows (S200). Mann-Kendall trend test and circular statistical approach were used to analyze the variation trend and time distribution characteristics of extreme sediment indexes. The change-point of indexes was determined based on Pettitt test

and the range of variability approach was used to quantitatively evaluate variation of each index. Finally

the influence of rainfall erosivity and ecological construction measures on extreme sediment changes are discussed. The results showed that: (1) From 1958 to 2018

all extreme sediment indexes of Wuding river basin showed a significant decreasing trend (p<0.05). (2) The rush period of Sx1d was from June 30 to August 18

and the rush period of Sx5d was from July 11 to August 17

which was more concentrated than that of Sx1d. (3) S200 reached moderate alteration

Sx1d

Sx5d

Sint

S95p and S99p reached high alteration

and S95p and S99p had the largest alteration

with alteration of -100%. The overall change of extreme sediment indexes was 83.72%

which belonged to high alteration. (4) During 1963—1966 period

the decrease of rainfall erosivity led to a reduction of extreme sediment in the Wuding river basin to a certain extent. During 1982—2018 period

NDVI and annual cumulative value of dam control area (Ad) were significantly negatively correlated with extreme sediment indexes (p<0.05)

and path analysis indicated Ad had a greater direct effect on extreme sediment indexes than NDVI

which was the main factor affecting the change of extreme sediment. The research results are helpful to enhance the understanding of extreme sediment changes in Wuding river basin

and provide a theoretical basis for formulating sediment disaster prevention strategies.

关键词

Keywords

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