黄土高原清水河流域降水-径流的响应关系

傅彦超; 王友胜; 魏天兴; 杨志; 张晓明; 解刚; 任宗萍; 任正龑; 魏小燕

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.01.003

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黄土高原清水河流域降水-径流的响应关系

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 黄土高原清水河流域降水-径流的响应关系
- Response Relationship Between Precipitation and Runoff in Qingshui River Basin on the Loess Plateau
- 水土保持学报 2023年37卷第1期页码：17-22
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京,100083
  2. 中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京,100048
  3. 宁夏回族自治区水土保持监测总站,银川,750002
  4. 西安理工大学水利水电学院,西安,710048
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "傅彦超(1998-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事流域自然地理研究。E-mail:fu_yanchao@bjfu.edu.cn" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1510701);国家自然科学基金项目(42107375);宁夏回族自治区水利科技项目(SBZZ-J-2021-12,SBZZ-J-2021-13)
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.01.003
  中图分类号： S157.1
- 纸质出版：2023
- 稿件说明：
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傅彦超, 王友胜, 魏天兴, 等. 黄土高原清水河流域降水-径流的响应关系[J]. 水土保持学报, 2023,37(1):17-22.

FU Yanchao, WANG Yousheng, WEI Tianxing, et al. Response Relationship Between Precipitation and Runoff in Qingshui River Basin on the Loess Plateau[J]. 2023, 37(1): 17-22.
傅彦超, 王友胜, 魏天兴, 等. 黄土高原清水河流域降水-径流的响应关系[J]. 水土保持学报, 2023,37(1):17-22. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.01.003.

FU Yanchao, WANG Yousheng, WEI Tianxing, et al. Response Relationship Between Precipitation and Runoff in Qingshui River Basin on the Loess Plateau[J]. 2023, 37(1): 17-22. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2023.01.003.

摘要

宁夏清水河流域地处黄土高原干旱、半干旱地区

选取清水河流域出口泉眼山水文站及气象站1989—2019年逐日径流和降水数据

并通过Chapman-Maxwell法对清水河流域径流时间序列进行基流分割

并将基流分割的结果应用于径流事件的分离

来探究径流事件对降水的响应特征。结果表明:(1)宁夏清水河流域降水量、径流量和基流量整体上均呈现上升趋势

经Mann—Kendall检验未发现突变显著的时间点

日降雨量10 mm以下的降水呈现增加趋势

年内降水主要分布在5—9月

占比达81.72％。(2)基于日径流时间序列

在清水河流域近30年间共分离出58次径流事件。在旱季降水总量与降雨强度显著相关

在土壤湿度和流域内水量存储条件的影响下

干旱时期的径流过程对事件前期降水响应较为敏感;在雨季

降水总量和降水强度是径流量的主要影响因素。(3)土壤水分对径流事件特征的影响具有阈值的变化

当前10天降水量未达5 mm时

峰值流量对其响应敏感。

Abstract

The Qingshui River Basin in Ningxia is located in the arid and semi-arid transition area of the Loess Plateau. This paper selected the daily runoff and precipitation data of the Quanyanshan hydrological station and meteorological station in the Qingshui River Basin from 1989 to 2019

and used the Chapman-Maxwell method to divide the daily runoff time series of the basin. The result of base flow segmentation was applied to separate runoff events to further explore the response law of runoff events to precipitation. The results showed that: (1) The precipitation

runoff and base flow of the Qingshui River Basin in Ningxia showed an upward trend as a whole. The Mann-Kendall test showed there was no significant mutation time point. The precipitation with a daily rainfall of less than 10 mm showed an increasing trend. The annual precipitation was mainly distributed in May-September

accounting for 81.72%. (2) Based on the daily runoff time series

a total of 58 runoff events were isolated in the Qingshui River Basin in the past 30 years. Under drought conditions

the total amount of precipitation was significantly related to rainfall intensity. Under the influence of soil moisture and water storage

the runoff process under drought conditions was more sensitive to the precipitation response in the early stage of the event. In the rainy season

the total amount of precipitation and the precipitation intensity were the main factors influencing surface runoff. (3) The influence of soil moisture on the characteristics of runoff events had a threshold change. When the precipitation in the previous 10 days was less than 5 mm

the peak flow was sensitive to its response.

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