河北农业大学农学院, 华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室,河北,保定,071000
纸质出版:2022
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张江伟, 李慧, 柴晓甜, 等. 玉米深松分层施肥和小麦限水灌溉对土壤微生物量碳、氮及酶活性的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2022,36(6):346-355.
ZHANG Jiangwei, LI Hui, CHAI Xiaotian, et al. Effects of Fertilization with Subsoiling of Maize and Limited Irrigation of Wheat on Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon, Nitrogen and Enzymes Activities[J]. 2022, 36(6): 346-355.
张江伟, 李慧, 柴晓甜, 等. 玉米深松分层施肥和小麦限水灌溉对土壤微生物量碳、氮及酶活性的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2022,36(6):346-355. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.06.042.
ZHANG Jiangwei, LI Hui, CHAI Xiaotian, et al. Effects of Fertilization with Subsoiling of Maize and Limited Irrigation of Wheat on Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon, Nitrogen and Enzymes Activities[J]. 2022, 36(6): 346-355. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.06.042.
小麦—玉米两熟为华北平原主要种植制度
以玉米季深松分层施肥和常规施肥定位试验为基础
研究小麦开花期土壤微生物量碳(SMBC)、微生物量氮(SMBN)及酶活性对玉米季不同施肥方式和小麦不同灌水处理的响应。以冬小麦开花期农田土壤为研究对象
采用裂区试验设计
玉米季常规施肥(F1)和深松分层施肥(F2)为主区
小麦季3个灌溉处理为副区
分别为春季不灌水(W0)、春1水(拔节期灌水75 mm
W1)、春2水(拔节期和开花期灌水150 mm
W2)。结果表明:(1)玉米季深松施肥有利于提高氮、磷、钾的供应
改善土壤肥力
对小麦开花期耕层土壤理化性状影响显著。0—20
20—40 cm土层
F2W2处理土壤含水量和硝态氮含量显著高于其他处理
含水量受深松施肥和灌水的共同影响
而且互作效应显著;硝态氮受水分处理影响显著大于深松施肥因素。(2)SMBC和SMBN同时受深松施肥和灌水处理的共同影响
小麦季灌水处理可显著提高0—20 cm土层SMBC和SMBN含量
土壤含水量具有极显著影响(p<0.05)
贡献率为78.3%;20—40 cm土层
玉米季施肥方式和小麦季灌水处理对SMBC和SMBN含量均有显著影响
且二者交互作用对SMBN影响显著
土壤含水量贡献率为86.3%。0—20 cm F2W2处理SMBN含量为94.16 mg/kg
显著高于其他处理;20—40 cm F2W2处理SMBN和SMBC含量分别为57.57
243.77 mg/kg
显著高于其他处理;SMBC和SMBN与有机碳、速效钾和硝态氮含量呈显著正相关
与土壤含水量呈极显著正相关。(3)玉米季相同施肥条件下
0—20 cm各处理土壤蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶活性均表现为W2>W1>W0
且差异显著;小麦季相同水分管理条件下
0—20 cm土层蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶活性F2处理最高
显著高于F1;0—20 cm土层蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶与速效钾和速效磷呈显著正相关
2个土层土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性与土壤含水量呈显著或极显著正相关关系。(4)F2W2处理小麦产量最高
养分携出量较其他处理显著提高
小麦产量和养分携出量与土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性和微生物量碳、氮含量均呈显著或极显著正相关。因此
小麦季灌溉拔节水和开花水结合玉米季分层深松施肥管理措施可有效促进土壤养分活化
提升土壤质量和保障土壤可持续生产。
Wheat-maize double cropping system is the main cropping system in North China Plain. The aims of the present study were to delineate the responses of soil microbial biomass N (SMBN)
soil microbial biomass C (SMBC) and enzymes activities to different fertilization methods of maize and limited irrigation treatments of wheat. The split plot experiment design was adopted on the field experiment. The main control was fertilization methods of maize
F1 (conventional method
5cm depth of subsoil with sowing) and F2 (application N
P
K fertilizers to designated different soil depth with subsoiling)
and the sub-control was three irrigation treatments in the growing season of wheat
W0 (no irrigation events after the overwintering stage)
W1 (irrigation at the jointing stage after overwintering)
and W2 (irrigation at jointing and flowering stages after overwintering). The results showed that: (1) Subsoiling fertilization in maize season was beneficial to increase the supply of N
P and K
improve soil fertility
and significantly affected the physical and chemical properties of topsoil in wheat flowering stage. In 0—20 cm and 20—40 cm soil layers
soil moisture content and nitrate nitrogen content of F2W2 treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments. Soil water content was affected by F2 and limited irrigation of wheat
and the interaction effect was significant (p<0.05). The effect of water treatment on nitrate nitrogen was significantly greater than that of subsoil fertilization. (2) SMBC and SMBN were not only affected by fertilization of F2
but also limited irrigation of wheat. Irrigation in wheat growing season significantly increased the contents of SMBC and SMBN in 0-20 cm soil layer
and soil water content had a significant effect
contributing 78.3%. In 20—40 cm soil layer
the content of SMBC and SMBN were significantly affected by fertilization methods in maize season and limited irrigation treatment in wheat season
and their interaction had significant effects on the content of SMBN. The soil water content had significantly effect on the SMBN
contributing 88.9%. The SMBN content of 0—20 cm under F2W2 was 94.16 mg/kg
which was significantly higher than that of other treatments(p<0.05). The SMBN and SMBC contents of 20—40 cm under F2W2 were 57.57 mg/kg and 243.77 mg/kg
respectively
which were significantly higher than those of other treatments. SMBC and SMBN were positively correlated with organic carbon
available potassium and nitrate nitrogen
and had a significantly positive correlated with soil water content. (3) The activities of soil sucrase and catalase in 0—20 cm under W2 was the highest
following by W1 and W0
and the differences between different water treatments were significant. Under the same water management condition in wheat season
the activities of sucrase and catalase in 0—20 cm soil layer were the highest under F2
which were significantly higher than that of F1. The activities of soil sucrase
alkaline phosphatase and catalase were positively correlated with the available K and available Pin 0—20 cm soil layer
while soil sucrase
urease and catalase activities were positively correlated with soil water content in 0—40 cm soil layer. (4) The yield of wheat under F2W2 was the highest
and the differences in uptake of total N
P and K were significantly compared with other treatments. The yield and the uptake of N
P and K were significantly positively correlated with the activities of sucrase
urease and catalase
and the contents of SMBC and SMBN. Therefore
irrigation at jointing and flowering stages of wheat combined with maize fertilization with subsoiling could effectively accelerate soil nutrient activation
improve soil quality and ensure sustainable of soil production.
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