高产与中产麦田小麦产量和光能及氮素利用效率的差异

李传梁; 于振文; 石玉; 张永丽; 张娟

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.06.041

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高产与中产麦田小麦产量和光能及氮素利用效率的差异

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 高产与中产麦田小麦产量和光能及氮素利用效率的差异
- Differences in Wheat Yield, Light Energy and Nitrogen Use Efficiency Between High-Yield and Medium Yield Wheat Fields
- 水土保持学报 2022年36卷第6期页码：340-345
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 山东农业大学农学院, 作物生物学国家重点实验室, 农业农村部作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,山东,泰安,271018
  2. 济宁市兖州区农业技术推广中心,山东,济宁,272106
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目(32172114,31771715);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-03)
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.06.041
  中图分类号： S153.6;S512.1
- 纸质出版：2022
- 稿件说明：
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李传梁, 于振文, 石玉, 等. 高产与中产麦田小麦产量和光能及氮素利用效率的差异[J]. 水土保持学报, 2022,36(6):340-345.

LI Chuanliang, YU Zhenwen, SHI Yu, et al. Differences in Wheat Yield, Light Energy and Nitrogen Use Efficiency Between High-Yield and Medium Yield Wheat Fields[J]. 2022, 36(6): 340-345.
李传梁, 于振文, 石玉, 等. 高产与中产麦田小麦产量和光能及氮素利用效率的差异[J]. 水土保持学报, 2022,36(6):340-345. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.06.041.

LI Chuanliang, YU Zhenwen, SHI Yu, et al. Differences in Wheat Yield, Light Energy and Nitrogen Use Efficiency Between High-Yield and Medium Yield Wheat Fields[J]. 2022, 36(6): 340-345. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.06.041.

摘要

研究高产与中产麦田小麦产量、光能和氮素利用效率的差异

为缩小产量和资源利用率差

实现小麦高产高效生产提供理论依据。选取高产田和中产田2块麦田

常年小麦产量水平分别为9 000

7 500 kg/hm2。以小麦品种"烟农1212"为供试材料

分析不同产量水平麦田光能利用和氮素利用的差异。结果表明

高产田植株拔节期、开花期和成熟期氮素积累量较中产田提高6.65%~11.25%

开花前氮素向籽粒中的转运量较中产田提高11.60 kg/hm2

开花后氮素同化量较中产田提高21.99 kg/hm2。开花后14~28天旗叶氮代谢酶活性均表现为高产田显著高于中产田。高产田土壤氮素表观盈亏量较中产田减少48.61%。高产田开花期和开花后7~28天叶面积指数和旗叶SPAD值较中产田分别提高6.89%~34.56%和8.45%~27.32%;开花期和开花后7~28天高产田冠层光能有效辐射截获率和截获量较中产田提高3.92%~7.70%和3.97%~7.85%。高产田籽粒产量较中产田提高26.71%

光能利用率和氮素利用率分别提高17.39%和19.50%。综上所述

高产田小麦开花后冠层光能有效辐射截获率和营养器官贮存氮素向籽粒的转运量高

提高小麦成熟期籽粒中氮素的积累量

进而提高产量、光能利用率和氮素利用率

同时减少土壤氮素表观盈亏量

减少氮素损失。

Abstract

This study aimed to study the differences of wheat yield

light energy and nitrogen use efficiency between high-yield and medium-yield wheat fields

so as to provide a theoretical basis for reducing the difference of yield and resource use efficiency and realizing high-yield and high-efficiency production of wheat. Two wheat fields with high and medium yield were selected

and their annual wheat yield was about 9 000 kg/hm2 and 7 500 kg/hm2 respectively. The wheat variety Yannong 1212 was used as test material to analyze the difference of light and nitrogen utilization in wheat field at different yield levels. The results showed that the nitrogen accumulation in the high-yield field was 6.65%~11.25% higher than those in the medium-yield field at jointing

flowering and maturity stages

the nitrogen transport to grain before flowering was 11.60 kg/hm2 higher than that in the middle field

and the nitrogen assimilation after flowering was 21.99 kg/hm2 higher than that in the middle field. From 14 to 28 days after anthesis

the activities of nitrogen metabolic enzymes in flag leaves in high-yield fields were significantly higher than those in medium-yield fields. The apparent surplus and deficit of soil nitrogen in high-yield field decreased by 48.61% compared with that in medium-yield field. The leaf area index and SPAD value of flag leaf in high-yield fields were 6.89%~34.56% and 8.45%~27.32% higher than those in mediun-yield fields at flowering and 7~28 days after flowering

respectively. At flowering stage and 7~28 days after flowering

the interception rate and amount of solar energy available radiation in high-yield fields were 3.92%~7.70% and 3.97%~7.85% higher than those in medium-yield fields. The grain yield of high-yield field was 26.71% higher than that of medium-yield field

and the light energy utilization rate and nitrogen utilization rate were 17.39% and 19.50% higher respectively. To sum up

the interception rate of effective light energy radiation in canopy and the transport of nitrogen stored in vegetative organs to grains are high in high-yield fields after wheat flowering

which improves the accumulation of nitrogen in grains at maturity

thus improving the yield

light energy utilization and nitrogen utilization

reducing the apparent nitrogen surplus and deficit in soil and reducing nitrogen loss.

关键词

Keywords

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