西宁盆地黄土区坡形及植被类型对坡面土壤入渗影响

杨馥铖; 李姜瑶; 余冬梅; 刘昌义; 缪晓星; 王延秀; 胡夏嵩; 卢海静; 付江涛; 闫聪; 何伟鹏

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.06.005

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西宁盆地黄土区坡形及植被类型对坡面土壤入渗影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 西宁盆地黄土区坡形及植被类型对坡面土壤入渗影响
- Effects of Slope Shape and Vegetation Type on Soil Infiltration on Slope in the Loess Area of Xining Basin
- 水土保持学报 2022年36卷第6期页码：30-40
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 青海大学地质工程系,西宁,810016
  2. 中国科学院大学,北京,100049
  3. 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所盐湖资源综合高效利用重点实验室,西宁,810008
  4. 青海省盐湖地质与环境重点实验室,西宁,810008
  5. 青海省水土保持中心,西宁,810000
  6. 青海大学农牧学院,西宁,810016
  7. 青海大学农林科学院,西宁,810016
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  青海省自然科学基金项目(2020-ZJ-906);国家自然科学基金项目(42041006,41572306);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0905);青海大学地质资源与地质工程重点学科建设项目(41250103)
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.06.005
  中图分类号： S157.2
- 纸质出版：2022
- 稿件说明：
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杨馥铖, 李姜瑶, 余冬梅, 等. 西宁盆地黄土区坡形及植被类型对坡面土壤入渗影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2022,36(6):30-40.

YANG Fucheng, LI Jiangyao, YU Dongmei, et al. Effects of Slope Shape and Vegetation Type on Soil Infiltration on Slope in the Loess Area of Xining Basin[J]. 2022, 36(6): 30-40.
杨馥铖, 李姜瑶, 余冬梅, 等. 西宁盆地黄土区坡形及植被类型对坡面土壤入渗影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2022,36(6):30-40. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.06.005.

YANG Fucheng, LI Jiangyao, YU Dongmei, et al. Effects of Slope Shape and Vegetation Type on Soil Infiltration on Slope in the Loess Area of Xining Basin[J]. 2022, 36(6): 30-40. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.06.005.

摘要

为进一步探讨青藏高原东北部黄土区草本植物护坡机理

选取西宁盆地长岭沟流域自建试验区

通过设计2种不同坡形和选取适宜当地气候条件生长的3种草本植物

采用野外试验区人工模拟降雨方法

首先分析了坡面土壤水文参数(土壤入渗、坡面土体含水量)分布变化

进而探讨了影响种植草本坡面土壤水分入渗的主要因素与特征

最后对坡面土壤水分入渗过程进行模型模拟与评价。结果表明:种植垂穗披碱草阶梯形边坡产流时间相对最晚

直形裸坡阶段产流量最大

其最大阶段累积径流量在降雨试验40~45 min时

为17 730 mL;2种坡形边坡坡面平均稳定入渗速率由大到小依次为阶梯形种植垂穗披碱草边坡(0.519 mm/min)、直形垂穗披碱草边坡(0.423 mm/min)、直形老芒麦边坡(0.422 mm/min)、直形细茎冰草边坡(0.318 mm/min)、阶梯形裸坡(0.321 mm/min)和直形裸坡(0.192 mm/min)

且种植垂穗披碱草和老芒麦边坡土体含水量在地表以下0—50 cm增幅相对最高

说明种植草本有助于边坡土体内部水分入渗。在此基础上

采用Horton模型、Kostiakov模型和通用经验模型进行坡面土壤水分入渗模拟

结果表明直形边坡土壤水分入渗过程以Horton模型和通用经验模型的拟合效果相对较为理想;阶梯形边坡则以Horton模型得到的土壤水分入渗拟合效果相对最优;最后

通过Pearson相关性分析得出

区内边坡土壤水分入渗特性主要影响因素为土壤有机质与植被覆盖度

且土壤有机质与初始入渗率间呈显著正相关关系(R2为0.986)

植被覆盖度与稳定入渗率间则呈极显著相关关系(R2为0.997)。研究结果对于科学有效防治高寒半干旱区水土流失以及研究不同植被类型及坡形水土保持能力具有理论研究价值和实际指导意义。

Abstract

To further explore the mechanism of slope protection by herbaceous plants in the loess region of northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

the Changlinggou catchment in Xining Basin was selected as the testing area. By designing two different slope shapes and selecting three herbaceous plants suitable for the local climatic conditions

and using the method of artificial rainfall simulation based on the field experimental area

the distribution and transformation of slope soil hydrological parameters (soil infiltration

soil moisture content) were analyzed first

then characteristics of soil water infiltration and its main influence factors on the slope of planting herbs were discussed. Finally

the process of soil water infiltration on the slope was simulated and evaluated. The results showed that the runoff generation time of the terraced slope planted with Elymus nutans in the area was the latest

and the maximum runoff occurred in straight bare slope

and the maximum stage cumulative runoff was 17 730 mL when the artificial rainfall time was 40~45 min. The average stable infiltration rate of the six different types of slope in the region from large to small was terraced slope planted with E. nutans (0.519 mm/min)

straight slope planted with E. nutans (0.423 mm/min)

straight slope planted with Elymus sibiricus (0.422 mm/min)

straight slope planted with Agropyron trachycaulum (0.318) mm /min)

terraced bare slope (0.321 mm/min)

straight bare slope (0.192 mm/min). The increase of soil moisture content at 0—50 cm below the surface of the slope planted with E. nutans and E. sibiricus were relatively the highest

indicating that planting herbs was conducive to the internal water infiltration of slope soil. On this basis

Horton model

Kostiakov model and general empirical model were used to simulate moisture infiltration on slope. The results showed that Horton model and general empirical model were more suitable for fitting soil moisture infiltration on straight slope. While Horton model was more suitable for fitting soil moisture infiltration process on terraced slope. Pearson correlation analysis showed that soil organic matter and vegetation coverage were the main factors influencing slope infiltration characteristics in the testing area. And initial infiltration rate was significantly and positively correlated with soil organic matter content (R2 was 0.986). And an extremely significant correlation between vegetation coverage and stable infiltration rate was identified (R2 was 0.997). The results of this study had theoretical research value and practical guiding significance for the scientific and effective prevention and control of soil and water loss in alpine and semi-arid areas

and for the study of vegetation types and slope shape soil and water conservation capacity.

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