秸秆等氮量替代化肥对土壤水分和玉米干物质积累的影响

徐路路; 王娟玲; 王晓娟; 刘恩科

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.05.039

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秸秆等氮量替代化肥对土壤水分和玉米干物质积累的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 秸秆等氮量替代化肥对土壤水分和玉米干物质积累的影响
- Effects of Equal Nitrogen Amount of Straw Instead of Chemical Fertilizer on Soil Moisture and Dry Matter Accumulation of Maize
- 水土保持学报 2022年36卷第5期页码：319-326
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 山西大学生命科学学院,太原,030031
  2. 山西农业大学山西有机旱作农业研究院,太原,030031
  3. 有机旱作农业山西省重点实验室,太原,030031
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "徐路路(1995-),女,在读硕士研究生,主要从事植物营养研究。E-mail:2998958647@qq.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  山西省优秀青年拔尖人才项目(HNZXBJ001);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901101-4);国家公益性行业专项(201503124)
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.05.039
  中图分类号： S345
- 纸质出版：2022
- 稿件说明：
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徐路路, 王娟玲, 王晓娟, 等. 秸秆等氮量替代化肥对土壤水分和玉米干物质积累的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2022,36(5):319-326.

XU Lulu, WANG Juanling, WANG Xiaojuan, et al. Effects of Equal Nitrogen Amount of Straw Instead of Chemical Fertilizer on Soil Moisture and Dry Matter Accumulation of Maize[J]. 2022, 36(5): 319-326.
徐路路, 王娟玲, 王晓娟, 等. 秸秆等氮量替代化肥对土壤水分和玉米干物质积累的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2022,36(5):319-326. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.05.039.

XU Lulu, WANG Juanling, WANG Xiaojuan, et al. Effects of Equal Nitrogen Amount of Straw Instead of Chemical Fertilizer on Soil Moisture and Dry Matter Accumulation of Maize[J]. 2022, 36(5): 319-326. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.05.039.

摘要

为了探究秸秆等氮量替代化肥的可行性及其对土壤水分和玉米干物质积累的影响

进行连续6年的大田试验

2020年是施肥第5年

2021年是施肥第6年

保持225 kg/hm2的等氮量

设置5个施肥处理:CK(单施化肥

100%化肥氮)、S25(25%秸秆氮+75%化肥氮)、S50(50%秸秆氮+50%化肥氮)、S75(75%秸秆氮+25%化肥氮)、S100(100%秸秆氮)

研究秸秆等氮量替代化肥对土壤贮水量、水分利用效率、土壤耗水量、土壤养分和玉米干物质积累量的影响。结果表明:(1)2020年试验中

在播种前和灌浆期

0—80 cm土层土壤贮水量为S50>S25>CK>S100>S75;在大喇叭口期和抽雄期为S50>S25>CK>S75>S100;在成熟期为S50>CK>S25>S100>S75;在2021年试验中

大喇叭口期

0—80 cm土层土壤贮水量为S25>S50>S100>CK>S75;在抽雄期

0—80 cm土层土壤贮水量为S25>S50>CK>S100>S75;(2)2020年和2021年试验中

在玉米生长的整个生育时期中

各处理组的0—200 cm各土层土壤贮水量随土层深度的变化趋势一致

并且S25和S50处理大于CK

而S75和S100处理小于CK;(3)2020年和2021年试验中

与CK相比各秸秆替代处理组的土壤耗水量和水分利用效率无显著差异

但2021年试验中S50的土壤耗水量显著大于S100

提高了5.00%;(4)2020年试验中

各秸秆替代处理组的土壤有机质和碱解氮含量较CK均无显著差异

S100处理土壤速效磷含量较CK显著降低50.75%;2021年试验中

与CK相比

S25、S50、S75、S100的土壤有机质含量分别显著增加27.40%

38.13%

36.30%

22.60%

S50的土壤碱解氮含量较CK增加27.74%

S25、S50、S75、S100处理土壤速效磷含量较CK分别显著降低31.48%

22.22%

30.56%

45.68%。(5)2020年试验中

在玉米各个生育时期中

秸秆替代化肥处理的玉米单株干物质积累量与CK相比均无显著差异

但2021年试验中

在玉米抽雄期、灌浆期和成熟期这3个生育时期

S50处理的玉米单株干物质积累量最多

与CK相比分别增加22.49%

34.06%

12.58%;在玉米灌浆期和成熟期这2个生育时期

S75处理的玉米单株干物质积累量

与CK相比分别增加22.39%

12.11%。大体上

玉米单株干物质积累量随秸秆替代化肥比例的增加先增加后减少。从保障土壤水分、养分和干物质积累量的角度考虑

S50是试验条件下最有潜力的秸秆等氮量替代化肥方式。

Abstract

In order to explore the feasibility of straw iso-nitrogen replacement of chemical fertilizer and its effect on soil moisture and dry matter accumulation of maize

field experiments were carried out for six consecutive years. 2020 was the fifth year of fertilization

2021 was the sixth year of fertilization

and 225 kg/hm2 iso-nitrogen amount was maintained. Five fertilization treatments were set up

which were CK (single fertilizer

100% fertilizer nitrogen)

S25 (25% straw nitrogen +75% fertilizer nitrogen)

S50 (50% straw nitrogen +50% fertilizer nitrogen)

S75 (75% straw nitrogen +25% fertilizer nitrogen) and S100 (100% straw nitrogen)

and the effects of straw equal nitrogen instead of chemical fertilizer on soil water storage

water use efficiency

soil water consumption

soil nutrient and dry matter accumulation of maize were studied. The results showed that: (1) In the experiment of 2020

soil water storage in 0-80 cm soil layer was S50>S25>CK>S100>S75 before sowing and during filling stage

it was S50>S25>CK>S75>S100 in trumpet and tasseling stage. At maturity

it was S50>CK>S25>S100>S75. In the test of 2021

soil water storage in 0-80 cm soil layer was S25>S50>S100>CK>S75 in the large trumpet period. At tasseling stage

soil water storage in 0-80 cm layer was S25>S50>CK>S100>S75. (2) In the experiment of 2020 and 2021

during the whole growth period of maize growth

the variation trend of soil water storage in each layer of 0-200 cm in each treatment group with soil depth was consistent

and soil water storage of S25 and S50 treatments were larger than that of CK

while soil water storage of S75 and S100 treatments were smaller than that of CK. (3) In 2020 and 2021

compared with CK

there were no significant differences in soil water consumption and water use efficiency of each straw replacement treatment group

but in 2021

soil water consumption of S50 was significantly higher than that of S100

increased by 5.00%. (4) In the experiment of 2020

the content of soil organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in each straw replacement treatment group had no significant difference compared with CK

and the content of soil available phosphorus in S100 treatment was significantly lower than that of CK by 50.75%. In 2021

compared with CK

soil organic matter content of S25

S50

S75 and S100 significantly increased by 27.40%

38.13%

36.30% and 22.60%

respectively. Soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content of S50 increased by 27.74% compared with CK. Compared with CK

soil available phosphorus content of S25

S50

S75 and S100 significantly declined by 31.48%

22.22%

30.56% and 45.68%

respectively. (5) In the experiment of 2020

in each growth period of maize

there was no significant difference in dry matter accumulation per plant treated with straw instead of chemical fertilizer compared with CK. However

in the experiment of 2021

the dry matter accumulation per plant in S50 treatment was the highest in tasseling stage

filling stage and maturity stage

with a increase by 22.39%

34.06% and 12.58%

respectively

compared with CK. Compared with CK

the dry matter accumulation per plant of S75 increased by 22.49% and 12.11%

respectively

in the filling stage and maturity stage. In general

dry matter accumulation per maize plant increased first and then decreased with the increasing of proportion of straw replacing fertilizer. In order to ensure soil moisture and nutrient

as well as dry matter accumulation

S50 was a potential way to replace chemical fertilizer under the conditions of this experiment.

关键词

Keywords

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