砒砂岩区小流域坡沟系统地形及侵蚀分异规律

谢梦瑶; 任宗萍; 张晓明; 李占斌; 马晓妮; 李骁政

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.05.016

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砒砂岩区小流域坡沟系统地形及侵蚀分异规律

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 砒砂岩区小流域坡沟系统地形及侵蚀分异规律
- Topography and Erosion Differentiation of Slope-gully System in Small Basin in Pisha Sandstone Area
- 水土保持学报 2022年36卷第5期页码：112-120
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 西安理工大学省部共建西北旱区生态水利国家重点试验室,西安,710048
  2. 中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京,100038
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "谢梦瑶(1996-),女,博士研究生,主要从事旱区水文过程及生态响应研究。E-mail:xiemengyao000@163.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目(51879281,42077074)
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.05.016
  中图分类号： S157.1
- 纸质出版：2022
- 稿件说明：
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谢梦瑶, 任宗萍, 张晓明, 等. 砒砂岩区小流域坡沟系统地形及侵蚀分异规律[J]. 水土保持学报, 2022,36(5):112-120.

XIE Mengyao, REN Zongping, ZHANG Xiaoming, et al. Topography and Erosion Differentiation of Slope-gully System in Small Basin in Pisha Sandstone Area[J]. 2022, 36(5): 112-120.
谢梦瑶, 任宗萍, 张晓明, 等. 砒砂岩区小流域坡沟系统地形及侵蚀分异规律[J]. 水土保持学报, 2022,36(5):112-120. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.05.016.

XIE Mengyao, REN Zongping, ZHANG Xiaoming, et al. Topography and Erosion Differentiation of Slope-gully System in Small Basin in Pisha Sandstone Area[J]. 2022, 36(5): 112-120. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.05.016.

摘要

作为黄河流域典型生态脆弱区之一的砒砂岩区

水土流失治理难度大

区域地形、侵蚀在坡沟系统的分布迥异。区域土壤侵蚀研究多集中于刻画侵蚀空间分布及不同地类差异性研究

从坡沟系统细化开展研究工作较少

不能较好地为后续精细化治理提供支撑。因此

选取位于准格尔旗的3个典型砒砂岩区小流域

结合目视解译的流域沟沿线

开展了流域地形、水力侵蚀分布规律及其关联性研究。结果表明:流域地形因子分布特征与地貌特征分布一致

高值集中分布在沟道

低值则集中在坡面

且特拉沟小流域(覆沙)沟道处的地形因子统计值最大;砒砂岩典型流域水力侵蚀在坡面、沟道空间分布存在差异

流域坡面以微度侵蚀为主

占比达87%~97%

沟道微度侵蚀占比较坡面该值下降54%~72%

什卜尔泰支沟(裸露)沟道处的水力侵蚀模数均值最高

达97.5 t/(hm2·a);坡度、地表粗糙度、地表切割深度与水力侵蚀模数呈显著正相关关系(p<0.001)

阳坡成为强度侵蚀以上单元的主要分布坡向

占比达56.8%~75.8%。因此

该区在后续小流域综合治理过程中

沟道及其阳坡是亟待加强的区域。

Abstract

As one of the typical ecologically fragile areas in the Yellow River Basin

the Pisha sandstone area is difficult to control soil erosion

meanwhile the distribution of topography and erosion in the slope and gully systems is quite different in this area. Most of the studies on regional soil erosion have focused on the spatial distribution of erosion and the differences in erosion between different land types

but less work has been done on regional erosion from the perspective of slope and gully systems

which can’t provide theoretical support for subsequent refined management. In this study

three typical small basins located in Jungar Banner were selected as the study area

firstly

the slope and gully system were divided according to the shoulder line extracted by visual interpretation

and then the distribution and correlation between topography and hydraulic erosion based on geostatistics were carried out. The Results showed that the distribution characteristics of topographic factors in the selected basins were consistent with the distribution of geomorphological characteristics

the high values were concentrated in the gully system

while the low values were concentrated in the slope system

meanwhile the maximum statistical values of the topographic factors appeared in the gully system of Telagou small basin (covered with sand). There existed differences in the spatial distribution of water erosion between the slope and gully systems in typical basins

in which the slope systems were dominated by slight erosion

accounting for 87% to 97%

and the proportion of slight erosion in gully systems were 54% to 72% lower than that in the slope systems

while the highest average soil erosion modulus occurred in the gully system of Shibuertai small basin (bare rock)

up to 97.5 t/(hm2·a). There was a significant positive correlation between slope

roughness

cutting depth and soil erosion modulus (p<0.001). Sunny slopes were the main distribution direction of the units above the intensity erosion

accounting for 56.8% to 75.8%. To sum up

gully systems and their sunny slopes were the parts that need to be strengthened urgently in the subsequent comprehensive management of small basins in this area.

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