降雨、积雪以及土地利用复合影响下的额尔齐斯河流域土壤侵蚀分析

张晓敏; 张东梅; 王莉; 张伟

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.05.015

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降雨、积雪以及土地利用复合影响下的额尔齐斯河流域土壤侵蚀分析

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 降雨、积雪以及土地利用复合影响下的额尔齐斯河流域土壤侵蚀分析
- Soil Erosion Analysis in the Irtysh River Basin Under the Combined Effects of Rainfall, Snow Cover and Land Use
- 水土保持学报 2022年36卷第5期页码：104-111
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院, 冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室,兰州,730000
  2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 1000409
  3. 中国科学院青藏高原研究所, 青藏高原地球系统与资源环境国家重点实验室,北京,100101
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "张晓敏(1998-),女,在读硕士研究生,主要从事寒区土壤侵蚀研究。E-mail:zhangxiaomin@nieer.ac.an" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项(XDA20100305);国家自然科学基金项目(41971083)
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.05.015
  中图分类号： K903
- 纸质出版：2022
- 稿件说明：
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张晓敏, 张东梅, 王莉, 等. 降雨、积雪以及土地利用复合影响下的额尔齐斯河流域土壤侵蚀分析[J]. 水土保持学报, 2022,36(5):104-111.

ZHANG Xiaomin, ZHANG Dongmei, WANG Li, et al. Soil Erosion Analysis in the Irtysh River Basin Under the Combined Effects of Rainfall, Snow Cover and Land Use[J]. 2022, 36(5): 104-111.
张晓敏, 张东梅, 王莉, 等. 降雨、积雪以及土地利用复合影响下的额尔齐斯河流域土壤侵蚀分析[J]. 水土保持学报, 2022,36(5):104-111. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.05.015.

ZHANG Xiaomin, ZHANG Dongmei, WANG Li, et al. Soil Erosion Analysis in the Irtysh River Basin Under the Combined Effects of Rainfall, Snow Cover and Land Use[J]. 2022, 36(5): 104-111. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.05.015.

摘要

在我国西北高寒山区

冰冻圈环境导致土壤侵蚀过程更为复杂。因此

以新疆阿尔泰山额尔齐斯河流域为例

构建模型模拟典型流域降雨、融雪和土地利用变化(LUCC)综合影响下的土壤侵蚀过程

并揭示复合因素影响下土壤侵蚀的放大作用。为此采用InVEST模型分别对2000年、2005年、2010年和2015年土壤侵蚀空间分布进行了详细模拟

并建立了3种情景用于复合影响的分析

分别为降雨和土地利用变化、降雨和融雪变化以及降雨、融雪和土地利用变化对土壤侵蚀的复合影响。结果表明:(1)相较于2000年

2005—2015年3种情景土地利用分别发生1.67%

2.02%和4.19%的变化

使整个流域土壤侵蚀量比单一降雨侵蚀分别增加3.49%

3.02%和3.31%。(2)尽管2000—2015年降雪量仅占年降水量的30.49%

23.10%

38.46%和35.26%

但是融雪的出现致使流域土壤侵蚀量分别增加249.00%

88.00%

843.00%和566.00%

年平均侵蚀量增加了2 008.03万t

降雨和融雪情景下侵蚀量是单一降雨侵蚀量的4.2倍。(3)在融雪的背景下进一步考虑土地利用影响

2000—2015年土壤侵蚀量在此基础上又分别增加了2.99%

2.16%和3.50%。研究结果为寒区融雪影响土壤侵蚀提供了新的证据

为后续寒区水土保持提供了基础理论认知。

Abstract

In the alpine mountains areas of northwest China

the cryosphere environment leads to more complicated soil erosion process. Therefore

taking the Irtysh River Basin in the Altai Mountains of Xinjiang as an example

this study intended to build a model to simulate the soil erosion process under the combined influence of rainfall

snowmelt and land use change (LUCC) and to reveal the amplification of soil erosion under the influence of compound factors. Therefore

the InVEST model was used to simulate the spatial distribution of soil erosion in 2000

2005

2010 and 2015 in detail

and three scenarios were established for the analysis of compound impacts

namely rainfall and land use change

rainfall and snowmelt change

and the combined effects of rainfall

snowmelt and landuse change on soil erosion. The results showed that: (1) Compared with 2000

the land use had changed by 1.67%

2.02% and 4.19% from 2005 to 2015

which made the soil erosion in the whole basin increased by 3.49%

3.02% and 3.31%

respectively compared with the single rainfall erosion. (2) Although the snowfall only accounted for 30.49%

23.10%

38.46% and 35.26% of the annual precipitation from 2000 to 2015

the occurrence of snowmelt increased soil erosion in the basin by 249.00%

88.00%

843.00% and 566.00%

respectively

and the annual average erosion amount increased by 20 080 300 tons

and the erosion amount under the rainfall and snowmelt scenarios was 4.2 times that of a single rainfall. (3) In the context of snowmelt

the impact of land use was further considered

soil erosion amount increased by 2.99%

2.16% and 3.50% from 2000 to 2015

respectively. This study provided new evidence for the impact of snowmelt on soil erosion in cold regions

and provided a basic theoretical understanding for subsequent soil and water conservation in cold regions.

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