减氮和秸秆还田对旱地土壤微生物和硝化潜势的影响

刘晶; 郑利芳; 王颖; 党廷辉

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.04.038

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

减氮和秸秆还田对旱地土壤微生物和硝化潜势的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 减氮和秸秆还田对旱地土壤微生物和硝化潜势的影响
- Effects of Nitrogen Reduction and Straw Returning on Dryland Soil Microbes and Nitrification Potential
- 水土保持学报 2022年36卷第4期页码：309-315
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 陕西杨凌,712100
  2. 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌,712100
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "刘晶(1997—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事土壤化学与环境研究。E-mail:1534171045@qq.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0800105）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.04.038
  中图分类号： S143.1;S154.3
- 纸质出版：2022
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
刘晶, 郑利芳, 王颖, 等. 减氮和秸秆还田对旱地土壤微生物和硝化潜势的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2022,36(4):309-315.

LIU Jing, ZHENG Lifang, WANG Ying, et al. Effects of Nitrogen Reduction and Straw Returning on Dryland Soil Microbes and Nitrification Potential[J]. 2022, 36(4): 309-315.
刘晶, 郑利芳, 王颖, 等. 减氮和秸秆还田对旱地土壤微生物和硝化潜势的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2022,36(4):309-315. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.04.038.

LIU Jing, ZHENG Lifang, WANG Ying, et al. Effects of Nitrogen Reduction and Straw Returning on Dryland Soil Microbes and Nitrification Potential[J]. 2022, 36(4): 309-315. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.04.038.

摘要

通过3年田间试验，研究减氮和秸秆还田对黄土高原南部旱地春玉米产量、硝态氮残留量及微生物学特性等指标的影响。研究共设置不施肥（CK）、传统施氮（N250）、传统施氮配合秸秆还田（N250+S）、减氮20%（N200）、减氮20%配合秸秆还田（N200+S）5个处理。结果表明：（1）连续3年减氮20%和秸秆还田可以提高玉米产量，阻控土壤硝态氮淋溶，N200较N250处理玉米增产5.9%，N200+S较N200处理玉米增产7.4%，N250+S较N250处理玉米增产9.1%；0－300 cm土层，N200较N250处理硝态氮残留量减少51.3%，N200+S较N200处理硝态氮残留量减少18.0%，N250+S较N250处理硝态氮残留量减少41.2%。（2）减氮和秸秆还田是调控土壤硝化潜势的有效措施，N200较N250处理硝化潜势降低8.8%，N250+S较N250处理硝化潜势降低14.2%，N200+S较N200处理硝化潜势降低20.4%。（3）秸秆还田显著提高土壤微生物量碳氮（SMBC、SMBN）含量，N250+S较N250处理SMBC、SMBN分别显著增加17.5%和24.0%，N200+S较N200处理SMBC、SMBN分别显著增加18.4%和31.3%。（4）施氮和秸秆还田对氨氧化古菌（AOA）影响较小，但增加了氨氧化细菌（AOB）数量。（5）氨氧化细菌（AOB）丰度与硝态氮、铵态氮、土壤微生物量碳氮（SMBC、SMBN）和硝化潜势均呈极显著正相关，而氨氧化古菌（AOA）丰度和影响因子没有明显的相关性。研究结果可为黄土旱塬春玉米种植区氮肥管理和农业可持续发展提供科学依据。

Abstract

Through a three-year field experiment

the effects of nitrogen reduction and straw returning on the yield of spring maize

soil nitrate nitrogen and ammonia oxidizing microorganisms in dryland of the southern Loess Plateau were studied. The study set up fivetreatments

including no fertilizer (CK)

traditional nitrogen application (N250)

traditional nitrogen application combined with straw return to field (N250+S)

nitrogen reduction 20% (N200)

and nitrogen reduction 20% combined with straw return (N200+S). The results showed that:(1) Nitrogen reduction by 20% and straw returning to the field for 3 consecutive years can increase maize yield and control soil nitrate leaching.Compared with N250 treatment

N200 treatment increases maize yield by 5.9%

and N200+S treatment increases maize yield compared with N200 treatment 7.4%

compared with N250 treatment

N250+S treatment increased maize yield by 9.1%; In the 0-300 cm soil layer

compared with N250

N200 reduced nitrate nitrogen residue by 51.3%. And the N200+S reduced nitrate nitrogen residue by 18.0% compared with N200. The residual nitrate nitrogen in N250+S was reduced by 41.2% compared with N250. (2) Nitrogen reduction and straw returning reduced soil nitrification potential. Compared with N250

N200 reduced soil nitrification potential by 8.8%

and N250+S reduced it by 14.2%.The soil nitrification potential in N200+S was reduced by 20.4% compared with N200. (3) Returning straw to thefield significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen (SMBC

SMBN). Compared with N250

the SMBC and SMBN in N250+S were increased by 17.5% and 24.0%

respectively. Compared with N200

SMBC and SMBN in N200+S were increased by 18.4% and 31.3% respectively. (4) Nitrogen application and straw returning had little effect on ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA)

but increased the abundance of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB). (5) The abundance of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) was extremely significantly positively correlated with nitrate nitrogen

ammonium nitrogen

SMBC

SMBN and nitrification potential

while ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) was abundant. There was no obvious correlation between degree and impact factor.These results could provide a scientific basis for nitrogen fertilizer management and agricultural sustainable development in the spring maize planting area of the Loess Plateau.

关键词

Keywords

references

Ju X T, Xing G X, Chen X P, et al. Reducing environmental risk by improving N management in intensive Chinese agricultural systems[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2009, 106:3041-3046.

Mulvaney R L, Khan S A, Ellsworth T R, et al. Synthetic nitrogen fertilizers deplete soil nitrogen:A global dilemma for sustainable cereal production[J].Journal of Environment Quality, 2009, 38:2295-2314.

朱兆良, 金继运.保障我国粮食安全的肥料问题[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19(2):259-273.

Chao A, Guo Q L, Sun J W, et al. Different roles of rhizosphere effect and long-term fertilization in the activity and community structure of ammonia oxidizers in a calcareous fluvo-aquic soil[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2013, 57:30-42.

Chu H Y, Fujii T, Morimoto S, et al. Community structure of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria under long-term application of mineral fertilizer and organic manure in a sandy loam soil[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2017, 73:485-491.

巨晓棠, 张福锁.中国北方土壤硝态氮的累积及其对环境的影响[J].生态环境, 2003, 12(1):24-28.

Cui Z L, Zhang F S, Chen X P, et al. On-farm estimation of indigenous nitrogen supply for site-specific nitrogen management in the North China plain[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2008, 81:37-47.

赵士诚, 裴雪霞, 何萍, 等.氮肥减量后移对土壤氮素供应和夏玉米氮素吸收利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2010, 16(2):492-497.

吴传发, 熊超, 韩燕来, 等.秸秆还田结合减氮调控旱地土壤硝化潜势维持作物产量的机理[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(10):1782-1793.

杨亚东, 宋润科, 赵杰, 等.长期不同施肥制度对水稻土氨氧化微生物数量和群落结构的影响[J].应用生态学报, 2018, 29(11):3829-3837.

郭俊杰, 朱晨, 刘文波, 等.不同施肥模式对土壤氮循环功能微生物的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(5):751-759.

Ella W, Karin N, Janet K J, et al. Responses of bacterial and archaeal ammonia oxidizers to soil organic and fertilizer amendments under long-term management[J].Applied Soil Ecology, 2010, 45:193-200.

党廷辉, 郭胜利, 樊军, 等.长期施肥条件下黄土旱塬土壤NO

-N的淋溶分布规律[J].应用生态学报, 2003, 14(8):1265-1268.

Jukka K, Mirja S S, Tuula A, et al. Activity, diversity and population size of ammonia-oxidising bacteria in oil-contaminated landfarming soil[J].FEMS Microbiology Letters, 2005, 250:33-38.

Rainer G J. The fumigation-extraction method to estimate soil microbial biomass:Calibration of the k EC value[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1996, 28:25-31.

Rotthauwe J H, Witzel K P, Liesack W, et al. The ammonia monooxygenase structural gene amoA as a functional marker:Molecular fine-scale analysis of natural ammonia-oxidizing populations[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1997, 63:4704-4712.

Christopher A F, Kathryn J R, Michael B, et al. Ubiquity and diversity of ammonia-oxidizing archaea in water columns and sediments of the ocean[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2005, 102:14683-14688.

张建军, 党翼, 赵刚, 等.秸秆还田与氮肥减施对旱地春玉米产量及生理指标的影响[J].草业学报, 2019, 28(10):156-165.

李锦, 田霄鸿, 王少霞, 等.秸秆还田条件下减量施氮对作物产量及土壤碳氮含量的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 42(1):137-143.

董强, 吴得峰, 党廷辉, 等.黄土高原南部不同减氮模式对春玉米产量及土壤硝态氮残留的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(4):856-863.

吴得峰, 姜继韶, 孙棋棋, 等.减量施氮对雨养区春玉米产量和环境效应的影响[J].农业环境科学学报, 2016, 35(6):1202-1209.

郑利芳, 吴三鼎, 党廷辉, 等.不同施肥模式对春玉米产量、水分利用效率及硝态氮残留的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2019, 33(4):221-227.

刘芬, 同延安, 王小英, 等.渭北旱塬春玉米施肥效果及肥料利用效率研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2014, 20(1):48-55.

马星竹, 郝小雨, 高中超, 等.氮肥用量对土壤养分含量、春玉米产量及农学效率的影响[J].玉米科学, 2016, 24(6):131-135.

赵靓, 侯振安, 黄婷, 等.氮肥用量对玉米产量和养分吸收的影响[J].新疆农业科学, 2014, 51(2):275-283.

石德杨, 张海艳, 董树亭, 等.土壤高残留氮条件下施氮对夏玉米氮素平衡、利用及产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19(1):37-44.

胡希远, Kuehne R F.秸秆在土壤内分解初期氮素矿化与固持的模拟测定[J].应用生态学报, 2005, 16(2):243-248.

张成霞, 南志标.土壤微生物生物量的研究进展[J].草业科学, 2010, 27(6):50-57.

Zhang J S, Guo J F, Cheng G S, et al. Soil microbial biomass and its controls[J].Journal of Forestry Research, 2005, 16(4):327-330.

周建斌, 陈竹君, 李生秀, 等.土壤微生物量氮含量、矿化特性及其供氮作用[J].生态学报, 2001, 21(10):1718-1725.

周元, 陈远学, 蒋帆, 等.玉米地土壤微生物量碳、氮及微生物熵对不同物料还田的响应[J].水土保持学报, 2020, 34(2):173-180.

王芳, 张金水, 高鹏程, 等.不同有机物料培肥对渭北旱塬土壤微生物学特性及土壤肥力的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2011, 17(3):702-709.

马想, 黄晶, 赵惠丽, 等.秸秆与氮肥不同配比对红壤微生物量碳氮的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(6):1574-1580.

王萍萍, 段英华, 徐明岗, 等.不同肥力潮土硝化潜势及其影响因素[J].土壤学报, 2019, 56(1):124-134.

朱国洁, 张娜, 杜雯, 等.氨氧化微生物在氮循环中的生态功能及其影响因子[J].天津农业科学, 2015, 21(12):48-53.

浏览量

685

下载量

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

秸秆还田与种植密度对玉米氮素吸收利用与产量的影响

施肥对我国盐碱土壤基础理化性质的影响

不同耕作方式下秸秆还田对晋中玉米田水分时空分布及产量的影响

生土施肥对黍子根系生长及生理生态效应的影响

花后灌水对高油玉米碳氮运转的影响