灌溉水盐分及灌水量对土壤水盐分布与春玉米生长的影响

张美桃; 杨培岭; 任树梅; 徐子昂; 魏琛琛; 贺新

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.04.036

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灌溉水盐分及灌水量对土壤水盐分布与春玉米生长的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 灌溉水盐分及灌水量对土壤水盐分布与春玉米生长的影响
- Effects of Irrigation Water Salinity and Irrigation Amount on Soil Water and Salt Distribution and Spring Maize Growth
- 水土保持学报 2022年36卷第4期页码：290-298
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院,北京,100083
  2. 武汉市青山区水务和湖泊局,武汉,430080
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "张美桃(1997—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事土壤氮素循环研究。E-mail:2638688158@qq.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目（2019YFC0408703）国家自然科学基金项目（51879263，51679239，51909265）兵团财政科技计划项目（2021DB017）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.04.036
  中图分类号： S155.4
- 纸质出版：2022
- 稿件说明：
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张美桃, 杨培岭, 任树梅, 等. 灌溉水盐分及灌水量对土壤水盐分布与春玉米生长的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2022,36(4):290-298.

ZHANG Meitao, YANG Peiling, REN Shumei, et al. Effects of Irrigation Water Salinity and Irrigation Amount on Soil Water and Salt Distribution and Spring Maize Growth[J]. 2022, 36(4): 290-298.
张美桃, 杨培岭, 任树梅, 等. 灌溉水盐分及灌水量对土壤水盐分布与春玉米生长的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2022,36(4):290-298. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.04.036.

ZHANG Meitao, YANG Peiling, REN Shumei, et al. Effects of Irrigation Water Salinity and Irrigation Amount on Soil Water and Salt Distribution and Spring Maize Growth[J]. 2022, 36(4): 290-298. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.04.036.

摘要

在大田试验的基础上探明灌溉水盐分以及灌水量对土壤水盐分布的影响规律以及对春玉米生长的影响。以河套灌区春玉米为研究对象，设置2种灌溉水含盐量（1.1，5.0 g/L）与3种灌水量（210，255，300 mm）进行大田试验。结果表明，至成熟期，5.0 g/L微咸水灌溉处理0—100 cm土层土壤平均含水量及电导率相比1.1 g/L地下水灌溉处理显著增加；地下水灌溉处理中，随着灌水量的增加，生育期内土壤平均含水量下降趋势减小，土壤盐分淋洗作用更加明显；微咸水灌溉处理中，剖面土壤在灌水量少时出现盐分表聚现象，随着灌水量的增加，表层土壤盐分呈下降趋势，深层土壤由于盐分的积累呈增加趋势；在灌水后表层的土壤含水量变化明显且出现返盐现象，微咸水灌溉处理中土壤水分水平运移及深层土壤盐分累积更明显；在地下水和微咸水灌溉处理中，灌水量的增加能够显著提高玉米产量，但255，300 mm灌水量处理间差异不显著，微咸水灌溉条件下春玉米的产量较地下水灌溉条件下显著降低。综上所述，在地下水和微咸水灌溉条件下，255 mm灌水量既能适合春玉米生长，又能保证产量，可作为较好的灌溉定额选择，能够同时满足保障灌区作物生产和节约淡水资源的要求。

Abstract

Based on the field experiment

the effects of irrigation water salinity and irrigation amount on soil water and salt distribution and spring maize yield were explored. Taking spring maize in Hetao Irrigation District as the research object

two irrigation waters (1.1

5.0 g/L) and three irrigation amounts (210

255

300 mm) were set up for field experiments. The results showed that at maturity

the average water content and soil conductivity of 0-100 cm soil layer under 5 g/L brackish water irrigation were significantly higher than those under groundwater irrigation. In groundwater irrigation

with the increase of irrigation amounts

the decreasing trend of soil average water content in growth period decreased

and the leaching effect of soil salt was more obvious. In brackish water irrigation

when the amount of irrigation was small

the surface accumulation of soil salt appeared. With the increase of irrigation amounts

the salt content of surface soil decreased

and more salt accumulated in the deep soil. After irrigation

the surface soil water content changed obviously and there was a phenomenon of salt return

and the horizontal movement of soil water and the accumulation of deepsoil salt were more obvious in brackish water irrigation. In groundwater and brackish water irrigation

the increase of irrigation could significantly improve the yield of maize

but there was no significant difference between 255 mm and 300 mm treatments. Compared with groundwater irrigation

brackish water irrigation significantly reduced the yield of spring maize. In conclusion

under the conditions of groundwater and brackish water irrigation

255 mm irrigation water could not only be suitable for the growth of spring maize

but also ensure the yield. It could be used as a better irrigation quota and meet the requirements of ensuring crop production and saving fresh water resources in the irrigation area.

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