施肥时机对土壤水氮运移转化规律的影响

马敬东; 聂卫波; 冯正江; 王慧; 马孝义

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.04.030

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施肥时机对土壤水氮运移转化规律的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 施肥时机对土壤水氮运移转化规律的影响
- Effects of Fertilization Timing on Soil Water and Nitrogen Transport and Transformation
- 水土保持学报 2022年36卷第4期页码：236-246
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 西安理工大学省部共建西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,西安,710048
  2. 西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室, 陕西杨凌,712100
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "马敬东(1997—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事农业水土工程研究。E-mail:mjd952@sina.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目（51579205，51909208）陕西省教育厅重点实验室基金项目（20JS099）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.04.030
  中图分类号： S275.3
- 纸质出版：2022
- 稿件说明：
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马敬东, 聂卫波, 冯正江, 等. 施肥时机对土壤水氮运移转化规律的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2022,36(4):236-246.

MA Jingdong, NIE Weibo, FENG Zhengjiang, et al. Effects of Fertilization Timing on Soil Water and Nitrogen Transport and Transformation[J]. 2022, 36(4): 236-246.
马敬东, 聂卫波, 冯正江, 等. 施肥时机对土壤水氮运移转化规律的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2022,36(4):236-246. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.04.030.

MA Jingdong, NIE Weibo, FENG Zhengjiang, et al. Effects of Fertilization Timing on Soil Water and Nitrogen Transport and Transformation[J]. 2022, 36(4): 236-246. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.04.030.

摘要

为揭示不同施肥时机（全过程、前1/2和后1/2入渗水量施肥）下土壤水氮运移转化规律，以砂壤土和黏壤土质地的一维垂直肥液（尿素）入渗试验为基础，重点分析不同施肥时机下土壤水氮分布与再分布过程中的运移转化规律，并量化比较其对土壤中氮素含量的影响。结果表明，施肥时机对土壤累积入渗量和湿润体中水分分布影响微小，但对不同形态氮素运移转化影响显著；砂壤土和黏壤土入渗结束时刻，全过程和后1/2入渗水量施肥时，其尿素态氮、铵态氮（NH4+—N）和硝态氮（NO3-—N）含量均随土层深度增大而减小；前1/2入渗水量施肥时，尿素态氮和NO3-—N含量在湿润体边缘累积，NH4+—N呈先增大后减小趋势，且主要分布在5—25 cm土层；再分布阶段，全过程和后1/2入渗水量施肥时，砂壤土和黏壤土中尿素态氮分别在再分布3天和5天时基本水解完成，同时NH4+—N含量达到峰值，NO3-—N含量再分布10天内未出现下降趋势；前1/2入渗水量施肥时，尿素态氮再分布10天时基本水解完成，NH4+—N含量再分布5~10天达到峰值，NO3-—N含量则呈先增加后减小趋势；后1/2入渗水量和全过程施肥条件下，砂壤土和黏壤土再分布10天时0—40 cm土层中NH4+—N和NO3-—N含量均大于前1/2入渗水量施肥，说明其氮素潜在利用效率高，故推荐畦（沟）灌合理施肥时机为后1/2入渗水量或全过程施肥。研究结果可为农田畦（沟）灌施肥系统的设计和管理提供理论基础和技术支撑。

Abstract

In order to reveal the law of soil water and nitrogen transport and transformation under different fertilization timing (the whole process

the first 1/2 and the last 1/2 infiltration water fertilization)

we analyzed the migration and transformation law of soil water and nitrogen distribution and redistribution under different fertilization timing

and compared their effects on soil nitrogen content quantitatively based on the one-dimensional vertical fertilizer solution (urea) infiltration experiment of sandy loam and clay soil. The results showed that fertilization timing hadlittle effect on the cumulative infiltration of soil and the distribution of water in moist body

but it had a significant effect on the transport and transformation of different forms of nitrogen in the process of distribution and redistribution. At the end of infiltration in sandy loam and clay loam

during the whole processand fertilization of the last 1/2 infiltration water

the content of urea nitrogen

ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) decreased with the increasing of soil depth. When the first half of the infiltration water was fertilized

the content of urea nitrogen and NO3--N accumulated at the edge of the wet body

andNH4+-N increased first and then decreased

mainly distributed in 5-25 cm soil layer. In the redistribution stage

urea nitrogen in sandy loam and clay loam was basically hydrolyzed after 3 and 5 days of redistribution during the whole process and the last 1/2 infiltration water fertilization

respectively. At the same time

NH4+-N content reached the peak

and NO3--N content did not decline within 10 days of redistribution. When the first half of the infiltration water was fertilized

the hydrolysis of urea nitrogen was basically completed after 10 days of redistribution

the content of NH4+-N reached the peak after 5-10 days of redistribution

and the content of NO3--N increased first and then decreased. Under the condition of the last 1/2 infiltration water and the whole process of fertilization

when sandy loam and clay loam were distributed for another 10 days

the content of NH4+-N and NO3--N in the 0-40 cm soil layer both were greater than those of the first 1/2 infiltration water

indicating that its potential nitrogen utilization efficiency was high. Therefore

it was recommended that the rational fertilization time of border (ditch) irrigation was the last half of the infiltration water or the whole process of fertilization. The results of this research could provide theoretical basis and technical support for the design and management of farmland border (ditch) irrigation and fertilization system.

关键词

Keywords

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