模拟降雨下坡面草带分布对产流产沙过程的影响

孙若修; 申明爽; 胡亚伟; 徐勤涛; 张建军

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.04.004

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模拟降雨下坡面草带分布对产流产沙过程的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 模拟降雨下坡面草带分布对产流产沙过程的影响
- Effect of Grass Belt Distribution on Runoff and Sediment Yield Under Simulated Rainfall
- 水土保持学报 2022年36卷第4期页码：22-29
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京,100083
  2. 山西吉县森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站(北京林业大学), 山西吉县,042200
  3. 水土保持国家林业局重点实验室(北京林业大学),北京,100083
  4. 北京市水土保持工程技术研究中心(北京林业大学),北京,100083
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "孙若修(1990—),男,在读博士研究生,主要从事水土保持与土壤侵蚀研究。E-mail:sunruoxiu0331@126.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFE0104700）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.04.004
  中图分类号： S157.1
- 纸质出版：2022
- 稿件说明：
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孙若修, 申明爽, 胡亚伟, 等. 模拟降雨下坡面草带分布对产流产沙过程的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2022,36(4):22-29.

SUN Ruoxiu, SHEN Mingshuang, HU Yawei, et al. Effect of Grass Belt Distribution on Runoff and Sediment Yield Under Simulated Rainfall[J]. 2022, 36(4): 22-29.
孙若修, 申明爽, 胡亚伟, 等. 模拟降雨下坡面草带分布对产流产沙过程的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2022,36(4):22-29. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.04.004.

SUN Ruoxiu, SHEN Mingshuang, HU Yawei, et al. Effect of Grass Belt Distribution on Runoff and Sediment Yield Under Simulated Rainfall[J]. 2022, 36(4): 22-29. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.04.004.

摘要

为深入探讨坡面植被分布对产流产沙过程的影响，定量分析植被分布与坡面产流产沙的关系，通过人工降雨试验，在15°坡面条件下，对不同植被覆盖度（40%，60%）、不同降雨强度（30，60，90 mm/h）和不同植被分布位置（相对距离为0，0.2，0.4，0.6，0.8，1.0）条件下的坡面产流产沙进行观测，分析不同植被分布条件下的水土保持作用，提出了不同覆盖度下控制水土流失的植被优化配置。结果表明：（1）在一定坡度和降雨强度条件下，不同植被分布条件下坡面产流率和产沙率均表现为先迅速增加后趋于稳定的变化趋势；（2）坡面平均产流率和产沙率随着相对距离的增加表现出先减小后增大的趋势，植被相对距离为0.2的坡面的平均产流率在不同实验条件下均为最小；（3）通过随机森林算法发现，降雨强度和植被覆盖度对产流具有重要影响，降雨强度和植被相对距离对产沙具有重要影响；（4）当植被覆盖度为40%时，以减少径流和泥沙为主要目标的最优化植被相对位置分别为0~0.36，0~0.31；当植被覆盖度为60%时，以减少径流和泥沙为主要目标的最优化植被相对位置分别为0~0.43，0~0.22。表明坡面植被分布对产流产沙有重要的影响，在相同植被覆盖度条件下，草带的相对距离越小，对减少径流和泥沙的作用较好。研究成果可为生态恢复过程中植被的优化配置提供理论依据和数据支撑。

Abstract

In order to deeply explore the influence of slope vegetation distribution on the process of sediment and runoff yield

and quantitatively analyze the relationship between vegetation distribution and sediment and runoff yield on slope

through artificial rainfall test

under the condition of 15° slope

the sediment and runoff yield process were observed under the conditions of different vegetation coverages (40% and 60%)

different rainfall intensities (30

60 and 90 mm/h) and different vegetation distribution positions (relative distance 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8 and 1.0). The effects of soil and water conservation under different vegetation distribution conditions was analyzed

and the optimal vegetation allocation for controlling soil and water loss under different vegetation coverages was proposed. The results showed that:(1) Under a certain slope and rainfall intensity

the runoff and sediment yield increased rapidly at first and then tended to be stable under different vegetation distribution conditions. (2) In this study

the average runoff and sediment yield firstly decreased and then increased with the increasing of the relative distance. The average runoff yield of the slope with the relative distance of 0.2 was the minimum under different experimental conditions. (3) The random forest algorithm showed that rainfall intensity and vegetation coverage had important impact on runoff yield

and rainfall intensity and vegetation relative distance had important impact on sediment yield. (4) When the vegetation coverage was 40%

the optimal vegetation relative positions were 0 to 0.36 and 0 to 0.31

respectively

with the main objective of reducing runoff and sediment. When the vegetation coverage was 60%

the optimal relative vegetation positions were 0 to 0.43 and 0 to 0.22

respectively

with the main goal of reducing runoff and sediment. This study showed that slope vegetation distribution had an important impact on sediment yield and runoff. Under the same vegetation coverage

the smaller the relative distance of the grass belt was

the better the effect of reducing runoff and sediment. The research results could provide theoretical basis and data support for optimal allocation of vegetation in the process of ecological restoration.

关键词

Keywords

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