N示踪法研究生物炭施用对水稻—土壤系统氮肥去向的影响

陈照明; 王强; 刘晓霞; 林海忠; 何杰; 俞巧钢; 马军伟

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.02.042

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N示踪法研究生物炭施用对水稻—土壤系统氮肥去向的影响

更新时间：2024-11-07

- N示踪法研究生物炭施用对水稻—土壤系统氮肥去向的影响
- Effects of Biochar Application on Fate of Nitrogen Fertilizer in Rice-Soil System by the
- 水土保持学报 2022年36卷第2期页码：331-336
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所,杭州,310021
  2. 浙江省耕地质量与肥料管理总站,杭州,310020
  3. 浙江省台州市黄岩区农业技术推广中心,浙江,台州,318020
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "陈照明(1986-),男,博士,助理研究员,主要从事农田氮素循环机理研究。E-mail:zhmchen@aliyun.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  浙江省自然科学基金项目（LQ19C150005）浙江省重点研发计划项目（2019C02017,2020C02030-06,2021C02035）黄岩区农业绿色发展先行先试支持体系建设服务项目（HY202001）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.02.042
  中图分类号： S158.3
- 纸质出版：2022
- 稿件说明：
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陈照明, 王强, 刘晓霞, 等. N示踪法研究生物炭施用对水稻—土壤系统氮肥去向的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2022,36(2):331-336.

CHEN Zhaoming, WANG Qiang, LIU Xiaoxia, et al. Effects of Biochar Application on Fate of Nitrogen Fertilizer in Rice-Soil System by the[J]. 2022, 36(2): 331-336.
陈照明, 王强, 刘晓霞, 等. N示踪法研究生物炭施用对水稻—土壤系统氮肥去向的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2022,36(2):331-336. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.02.042.

CHEN Zhaoming, WANG Qiang, LIU Xiaoxia, et al. Effects of Biochar Application on Fate of Nitrogen Fertilizer in Rice-Soil System by the[J]. 2022, 36(2): 331-336. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.02.042.

摘要

为探究施用水稻秸秆生物炭对水稻产量、氮肥利用率、氮肥残留及损失的影响

采用盆栽试验结合15N示踪技术

分析了施用水稻秸秆生物炭对水稻生物量、氮素积累量、肥料氮去向以及氨氧化微生物的影响。研究共设置5个处理:不施氮肥(N0)、单施化肥(CF)、施化肥配施0.5%生物炭(BC1)、施化肥配施1%生物炭(BC2)和施化肥配施2%生物炭(BC3)。结果表明:与CF处理相比

BC2和BC3处理均显著提高水稻产量

增产率分别为19.3%和22.0%。施用生物炭显著增加水稻氮素积累量和表观利用率。施用生物炭的水稻籽粒肥料氮积累和总肥料氮积累量较CF处理分别提高18.6%~23.4%和18.5%~26.5%。然而

施用生物炭处理与CF处理之间的籽粒土壤氮吸收量没有显著差异。BC1、BC2和BC3处理的氮肥利用率分别为30.4%

28.5%和29.3%

均显著高于CF处理(24.1%)。施用生物炭有利于肥料氮在土壤中的残留

从而减少损失。因此

施用生物炭的肥料氮损失率(25.7%~27.5%)显著低于单施化肥处理(38.4%)。与CF处理相比

高量施用生物炭(BC3)显著降低氨氧化细菌的amoA基因拷贝数

但施用生物炭对氨氧化古菌丰度没有显著影响。综上表明

施用水稻秸秆生物炭是提高水稻产量和氮肥利用率

同时还是有效减少氮素损失的一种有效措施。

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effects of rice straw-derived biochar application on rice grain yield

nitrogen use efficiency (NUE)

and fate of fertilizer N. A pot experiment was conducted to assess the effects of rice straw-derived biochar application on rice biomass

N accumulation

as well as fate of urea-N using 15N tracing method and ammonia oxidizers. Five treatments were included:no N application (N0)

chemical fertilizer application only (CF)

CF+0.5% biochar (BC1)

CF+1% biochar (BC2)

and CF+2% biochar (BC3). The results showed that BC2 and BC3 treatments significantly increased rice grain yield by 19.3% and 22.0%

compared to CF treatment

respectively. Application of biochar significantly enhanced the N accumulation of rice and N apparent use efficiency compared to CF treatment. The fertilizer N uptake by grain and rice plant was 18.6%~23.4% and 18.5%~26.5% greater in biochar application than in CF treatment

respectively. While

no significant difference was observed in the soil N uptake by grain between BC treatments (BC1

BC2

and BC3) and CF treatment. The 15N use efficiency was 30.4%

28.5%

and 29.3% in the BC1

BC2

and BC3 treatments

respectively

which were all significantly higher than that in CF treatment (24.1%). Application of straw-derived biochar increased the fertilizer N residual in soil and reduced the N loss

compared to CF treatment. Thus

the ratio of fertilizer N loss was greatly lower in BC treatment (25.7%~27.5%) than in CF treatment (38.4%). Higher application of biochar (BC3) significantly decreased the AOB amoA gene copies

compared to CF treatment. While

no significant difference was found in AOA abundance between the BC and CF treatments. Overall

application of rice straw-derived biochar is an effective practice to increase rice yield and NUE

and reduce the N loss in the rice production.

关键词

Keywords

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