土壤侵蚀和沉积对土壤理化性状的影响

张发民; 杜兰兰; 袁瀛; 王山河; 郭胜利

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.06.022

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土壤侵蚀和沉积对土壤理化性状的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 土壤侵蚀和沉积对土壤理化性状的影响
- Effects of Soil Erosion and Deposition on Soil Physical and Biochemical Properties
- 水土保持学报 2021年35卷第6期页码：161-167
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 陕西省水土保持勘测规划研究所(陕西省水土保持生态环境监测中心),西安,711000
  2. 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌,712100
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "张发民(1965-),男,本科,主要从事水土保持监测的相关研究。E-mail:249635189@qq.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金面上项目"侵蚀—沉积过程中轻组有机碳的变化机制"（41371279）2021年省级水利发展资金水土保持项目"黄土高原沟壑区坡面水土流失状况变化及机理研究"
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.06.022
  中图分类号： S153
- 纸质出版：2021
- 稿件说明：
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张发民, 杜兰兰, 袁瀛, 等. 土壤侵蚀和沉积对土壤理化性状的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2021,35(6):161-167.

ZHANG Famin, DU Lanlan, YUAN Ying, et al. Effects of Soil Erosion and Deposition on Soil Physical and Biochemical Properties[J]. 2021, 35(6): 161-167.
张发民, 杜兰兰, 袁瀛, 等. 土壤侵蚀和沉积对土壤理化性状的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2021,35(6):161-167. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.06.022.

ZHANG Famin, DU Lanlan, YUAN Ying, et al. Effects of Soil Erosion and Deposition on Soil Physical and Biochemical Properties[J]. 2021, 35(6): 161-167. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.06.022.

摘要

土壤侵蚀—沉积是影响陆地生态系统地球化学循环的重要机制之一。对土壤生物、化学和物理性质在侵蚀区和沉积区的空间分布特征进行系统分析，基于黄土高原地区的侵蚀—沉积地貌特征，模拟修建5°，10°和20° 3个坡度的侵蚀区，并于每个侵蚀区底端连接水平的沉积区。试验期间（2015—2019年）连续原位监测天然降雨条件下的径流量、泥沙量、土壤温度和水分，并采集土样分析土壤生物、物理和化学性质。结果表明：（1）随坡度增大，土壤侵蚀强度增强。相比5°坡，10°和20°坡的年径流量分别提高30%~115%和48%~207%，且年产沙量分别提高146%~505%和241%~742%；（2）沉积区土壤有机碳、可溶性有机碳、矿质氮、微生物量碳、氮的浓度和黏粒含量均显著高于侵蚀区，土壤δ13C相对丰度在侵蚀区显著高于沉积区，提高幅度为2.0%~3.3%；（3）试验土壤性状在侵蚀区和沉积区之间的差异随坡度增大而增加。研究结果揭示了土壤理化性状对土壤侵蚀和沉积具有相反的响应。

Abstract

Soil erosion-deposition is one of the essential mechanisms affecting the geochemical cycle of terrestrial ecosystem. In this study

the spatial distribution characteristics of soil biological

chemical and physical properties in erosion sites and deposition sites were systematically analyzed. The erosion-deposition plots were constructed based on the erosion-deposition geomorphic characteristics of the China’s Loess Plateau

including erosion sites with three slope gradients of 5°

10° and 20°

and each erosion site was connected with a deposition site. During the experimental period (2015—2019)

continuous in-situ monitoring of runoff

sediment

soil temperature and moisture under natural rainfall conditions were conducted. Soil samples were regularly collected for analyzing the physical and biochemical properties. The results showed that: (1) With the increasing of slope gradients

the intensity of soil erosion increased. In specific

compared with 5° slope

the annual runoff on 10 ° and 20 ° slopes increased by 30%~115% and 48%~207%

respectively

meanwhile

the annual sediment yield on the 10° and 20° slopes increased by 146%~505% and 241%~742%

respectively. (2) The concentrations of soil organic carbon

dissolved organic carbon

mineral nitrogen

soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and the clay content in the deposition sites were all significantly higher than those in erosion sites. However

the relative abundance of δ13C was 2.0%~3.3% higher in the erosion sites than that in the deposition sites. (3) The difference of soil properties between erosion site and deposition site increased with the increasing of slope gradients. Our results suggested that soil physical and chemical properties had opposite responses to soil erosion and deposition.

关键词

Keywords

references

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