多种有机物料混施对苹果幼苗生长、氮素利用及土壤特性的影响

王璐; 朱占玲; 刘照霞; 马玉婷; 孙福欣; 葛顺峰; 姜远茂

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.05.048

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多种有机物料混施对苹果幼苗生长、氮素利用及土壤特性的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 多种有机物料混施对苹果幼苗生长、氮素利用及土壤特性的影响
- Effects of Mixtures of Different Organic Materials on Apple Seedling Growth, Nitrogen Utilization and Soil Properties
- 水土保持学报 2021年35卷第5期页码：362-368
- 作者机构：
  
  作物生物学国家重点实验室, 山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,山东,泰安,271018
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "王璐(1996-),女,硕士研究生,主要从事苹果氮素营养研究。E-mail:1363851768@qq.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0201100）财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系项目（CARS-27）山东省泰山学者工程专项（TSPD20181206）科技部"科技助力经济2020"重点专项（2020YFF0426464）心连心氮肥高效利用创新平台开放基金项目（2019-2022）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.05.048
  中图分类号： S661.1
- 纸质出版：2021
- 稿件说明：
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王璐, 朱占玲, 刘照霞, 等. 多种有机物料混施对苹果幼苗生长、氮素利用及土壤特性的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2021,35(5):362-368.

WANG Lu, ZHU Zhanling, LIU Zhaoxia, et al. Effects of Mixtures of Different Organic Materials on Apple Seedling Growth, Nitrogen Utilization and Soil Properties[J]. 2021, 35(5): 362-368.
王璐, 朱占玲, 刘照霞, 等. 多种有机物料混施对苹果幼苗生长、氮素利用及土壤特性的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2021,35(5):362-368. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.05.048.

WANG Lu, ZHU Zhanling, LIU Zhaoxia, et al. Effects of Mixtures of Different Organic Materials on Apple Seedling Growth, Nitrogen Utilization and Soil Properties[J]. 2021, 35(5): 362-368. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.05.048.

摘要

以"M9T337"苹果幼苗为试材，利用15N同位素示踪技术，研究了等氮量投入下，不同有机物料单施及混施对苹果幼苗生长、15N吸收利用及土壤特性的影响。试验设置CK （只施用化学肥料，不施有机物料）、S （秸秆）、B （生物炭）、F （牛粪）、SB （1/2秸秆+1/2生物炭）、SF （1/2秸秆+1/2牛粪）、FB （1/2牛粪+1/2生物炭）、SFB （1/3秸秆+1/3牛粪+1/3生物炭）8个处理。结果表明：施用有机物料可以促进苹果幼苗的生长，其中SFB处理植株鲜重、株高、茎粗、叶面积、根系活力达到最优，显著高于CK和单施有机物料的处理。添加有机物料能降低土壤容重、增加孔隙度、提高土壤含水量，其中施用生物炭的处理土壤容重降幅较大、孔隙度较高。处理期间，有机物料混合施用的处理土壤矿化氮含量、土壤酶活性及微生物数量均优于有机物料单独施用的处理。与CK和单施有机物料的处理相比，有机物料混合施用显著提高了苹果幼苗15N利用率和土壤15N残留率，降低了15N损失率，其中3种有机物料混施效果最好。综合分析可知，有机物料能促进苹果幼苗生长，改良土壤性质，促进植株对15N的吸收利用，其中牛粪、秸秆和生物炭混合施用的处理（SFB处理）效果最佳。研究结果以期为有机物料在苹果园土壤质量提升和化肥减施增效中的应用提供依据。

Abstract

M9T337 apple seedlings were used to study the effects of different organic materials and their combination on plant growth

nitrogen utilization and soil properties by using the 15N isotope tracer technique. There were 8 treatments:CK (chemical fertilizer)

S (straw)

B (biochar)

F (cow dung)

SB (1/2 straw + 1/2 biochar)

SF (1/2 straw + 1/2 cow dung)

FB (1/2 cow dung + 1/2 biochar)

SFB (1/3 straw + 1/3 cow dung + 1/3 biochar). The results showed that the application of organic materials promoted the growth of apple seedlings

and SFB treatment had the best fresh weight

height

stem diameter

leaf area and root activity

which were significantly higher than CK and the treatment of single organic materials. The application of organic materials decreased soil bulk density

increased soil total porosity and soil moisture content. The soil bulk density and total porosity under the combined application of biochar were better. During the treatment period

the soil mineralized nitrogen contents

the soil enzymes activities and microbial population under the treatments with mixed organic materials were better than those under the treatments with organic materials alone. Compared with CK and the single organic materials

the combined application of organic materials significantly improved the 15N utilization rate of apple seedlings and 15N residual rate in soils

reduced the 15N loss rate and the SFB treatment had the best effect. According to the comprehensive analysis

the application of different organic materials could promote the growth of apple seedlings

improve soil properties

and improve the absorption and utilization of 15N

among which the combined application of cow dung

straw and biochar (SFB treatment) had the best effect. These findings could provide a basis for the application of organic materials in apple orchard for the soil quality improvement and fertilizer reduction and efficiency.

关键词

Keywords

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