耕作方式和氮肥用量对旱地小麦产量、水分利用效率和种植效益的影响

吴金芝; 黄明; 李友军; 付国占; 赵凯男; 侯园泉; 张振旺

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.05.036

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耕作方式和氮肥用量对旱地小麦产量、水分利用效率和种植效益的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 耕作方式和氮肥用量对旱地小麦产量、水分利用效率和种植效益的影响
- Effects of Tillage Practices and Nitrogen Rates on Grain Yield, Water Use Efficiency and Planting Profit in Winter Wheat in Dryland
- 水土保持学报 2021年35卷第5期页码：264-271
- 作者机构：
  
  河南科技大学农学院,河南,洛阳,471023
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "吴金芝(1978-),女,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事旱地农田水肥高效及生理生态研究。E-mail:yywujz@126.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0300400，2018FD0300707）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.05.036
  中图分类号： S512.1
- 纸质出版：2021
- 稿件说明：
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吴金芝, 黄明, 李友军, 等. 耕作方式和氮肥用量对旱地小麦产量、水分利用效率和种植效益的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2021,35(5):264-271.

WU Jinzhi, HUANG Ming, LI Youjun, et al. Effects of Tillage Practices and Nitrogen Rates on Grain Yield, Water Use Efficiency and Planting Profit in Winter Wheat in Dryland[J]. 2021, 35(5): 264-271.
吴金芝, 黄明, 李友军, 等. 耕作方式和氮肥用量对旱地小麦产量、水分利用效率和种植效益的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2021,35(5):264-271. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.05.036.

WU Jinzhi, HUANG Ming, LI Youjun, et al. Effects of Tillage Practices and Nitrogen Rates on Grain Yield, Water Use Efficiency and Planting Profit in Winter Wheat in Dryland[J]. 2021, 35(5): 264-271. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.05.036.

摘要

为探索旱地小麦增产增效增收协同的耕作方式及其配套施氮技术。2016—2017（欠水年）和2017—2018（丰水年）年度，在豫西典型旱区洛宁县设置夏闲期深松（ST，麦收后2周左右隔年进行）和翻耕（PT，传统的7月或底8月初连年进行）2种耕作方式为主区，设置4个氮肥用量为副区（播前基施纯氮0（N0），120（N120），180（N180），240（N240） kg/hm2）的田间定位试验，分析了土壤水分以及小麦产量、水分利用效率和种植效益。结果表明：与翻耕相比，深松提高了休闲效率，播前、开花期和成熟期0—200 cm土壤蓄水量分别提高6.5%~11.7%，5.0%~8.5%，4.7%~8.2%，使欠水年的千粒重、丰水年的穗数和穗粒数显著提高（P<0.05），从而使欠水年的产量和经济效益分别提高7.1%~17.8%和5.5%~30.2%，丰水年施氮处理的产量、水分利用效率和经济效益分别提高10.2%~22.0%，3.0%~13.0%，16.1%~35.1%。增加氮肥用量有利于提高休闲效率，使播前土壤蓄水量翻耕下得到恢复、深松下显著提高（P<0.05），小麦产量、水分利用效率和经济效益翻耕下N180最优，较其他处理分别提高6.5%~43.9%，8.1%~36.1%，12.4%~61.3%；深松下欠水年以N180较优，丰水年以N240最优，且较其他处理分别提高3.9%~67.9%，1.0%~54.1%，3.6%~95.8%。因此，麦收后2周左右隔年深松有利于提高土壤含水量，进而提高产量、水分利用效率和种植效益，且在欠水年配施纯氮180 kg/hm2、丰水年配施纯氮240 kg/hm2效果最优。研究结果可为提高旱地小麦产量、效率和效益提供理论依据和技术参考。

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to explore the suitable combined pattern of tillage practice and nitrogen(N) rate for synchronously increasing the grain yield

water use efficiency and planting benefits in dryland wheat. In the dry year 2016-2017 and wet year 2017-2018

a field experiment was carried out in the typical dryland in western Henan province. In the experiment

the two tillage practices:Subsoiling tillage (ST) and conventional ploughing (PT)

were set as the main treatment

and the four N fertilizer application rates of 0

120

180 and 240 kg/hm2

expressed as N0

N120

N180 and N240

respectively

were set as secondary treatment. The subsoiling in ST was conducted about two weeks after the harvest of previous wheat every two years

and the ploughing in PT was carried out each year around late July to early August after once heavy rainfall. We tested the soil water content

yield and its components

water use efficiency and planting profit. Compared with PT

ST significantly enhanced rainfall fallow efficiency

and increased the water storage in 0-200 cm soil depth by 6.5%~11.7%

5.0%~8.5% and 4.7%~8.2% respectively at pre-seeding

anthesis and maturity. Therefore

ST significantly enhanced the spike numbers and numbers per spike in the wet year and the 1000-grain weight in the dry year

and thus increased the grain yield and economic return by 7.1%~17.8% and 5.5%~30.2% in the dry year

and increased the grain yield

water use efficiency

economic return by 10.2%~22.0%

3.0%~13.0% and 16.1%~35.1% in the wet year

compared with PT. With the increase of N rates

the rainfall fallow efficiency was significantly enhanced

resulting in that the water storage at pre-seeding was recovered in PT and significantly increased in ST. N180 was the optimal treatment in PT

and the grain yield

water use efficiency and economic return in N180 was 6.5%~43.9%

8.1%~36.1% and 12.4%~61.3% higher than those of the other N rate treatments. Under the ST

the optimal N treatment was N180 in the dry year while N240 in the wet year

and the grain yield

water use efficiency and economic return in the optimal treatment was 3.9%~67.9%

1.0%~54.1% and 3.6%~95.8% higher than those of the other N rate treatments. Above all

subsoiling at about two weeks after the harvest of previous wheat once every two years contributed to accumulating precipitation and increasing soil water storage

and thereby improving grain yield

water use efficiency and planting profit in dryland wheat

particularly with N rate at 180 kg/hm2 in the dry year

and with N rate at 240 kg/hm2 in the wet year. These results can provide a theoretical basis and technical reference for improving the grain yield

efficiency and profit in dryland wheat.

关键词

Keywords

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