肥液浓度对不同形态氮素在土壤中运移转化特性的影响

马敬东; 聂卫波; 张文平; 李一博; 马孝义

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.05.035

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肥液浓度对不同形态氮素在土壤中运移转化特性的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 肥液浓度对不同形态氮素在土壤中运移转化特性的影响
- Effects of Fertilizer Solution Concentration on the Migration and Transformation Characteristics of Different Forms of Nitrogen in Soil
- 水土保持学报 2021年35卷第5期页码：255-263
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 西安理工大学水利水电学院,西安,710048
  2. 西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室, 陕西杨凌,712100
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "马敬东(1997-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事农业水土工程研究。E-mail:mjd952@sina.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目（51579205）陕西省教育厅重点实验室基金项目（20JS099）大学生创新创业训练计划项目（G202010700039）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.05.035
  中图分类号： S275.3
- 纸质出版：2021
- 稿件说明：
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马敬东, 聂卫波, 张文平, 等. 肥液浓度对不同形态氮素在土壤中运移转化特性的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2021,35(5):255-263.

MA Jingdong, NIE Weibo, ZHANG Wenping, et al. Effects of Fertilizer Solution Concentration on the Migration and Transformation Characteristics of Different Forms of Nitrogen in Soil[J]. 2021, 35(5): 255-263.
马敬东, 聂卫波, 张文平, 等. 肥液浓度对不同形态氮素在土壤中运移转化特性的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2021,35(5):255-263. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.05.035.

MA Jingdong, NIE Weibo, ZHANG Wenping, et al. Effects of Fertilizer Solution Concentration on the Migration and Transformation Characteristics of Different Forms of Nitrogen in Soil[J]. 2021, 35(5): 255-263. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.05.035.

摘要

为揭示肥液（尿素）浓度影响下土壤湿润体中不同形态氮素的运移转化规律，选取黏壤土和砂壤土作为肥液入渗试验供试土壤，量化分析肥液浓度对土壤累积入渗量和不同形态氮素在分布和再分布过程中运移转化特性的影响。结果表明：相同入渗时间内土壤累积入渗量随肥液浓度的增大而增加，Kostiakov公式的入渗系数与肥液浓度呈现线性关系，建立并验证了考虑肥液浓度影响的土壤累积入渗量估算公式，模拟值与实测值具有较高的一致性，两者间的相对误差绝对值均值均<8.0%；入渗结束时，土壤湿润体相同位置处的尿素态氮、铵态氮（NH4+-N）和硝态氮（NO3--N）含量均随肥液浓度的增大而增加；NH4+-N主要分布在土壤湿润体深度20 cm以上，尿素态氮和NO3--N含量随着湿润体深度的增大呈现下降趋势；再分布过程中，土壤湿润体中尿素态氮含量随再分布时间的增加整体呈现减小趋势，且黏壤土和砂壤土湿润体中的尿素态氮分别在再分布5，3天时基本水解完成；NH4+-N含量呈现先增加后减小的趋势，黏壤土湿润体中的峰值约出现在再分布3~5天，而砂壤土约在再分布3天；黏壤土湿润体中NO3--N含量呈现先增加后减小的趋势，其峰值约在5~10天，而砂壤土中NO3--N含量在再分布10天时，始终保持在较高水平。研究结果为农田灌溉施肥系统的设计和管理提供理论基础和技术支撑。

Abstract

In order to reveal the migration and transformation of different forms of nitrogen in the wetted soil under the influence of fertilizer solution (urea) concentration

clay loam and sandy loam were selected as the different soil textures for infiltration experiments

and we quantitatively analyzed the influences of fertilizer concentration on soil cumulative infiltration and transport and transformation characteristics of different forms of nitrogen in the process of distribution and redistribution. The results showed that during the same infiltration time

the cumulative infiltration increased with the increasing of fertilizer concentration

and a linear relationship between the infiltration coefficient of Kostiakov equation and fertilizer concentration were found. The estimation equation of cumulative infiltration considering the effect of fertilizer concentration was established and verified. The simulated value was in good agreement with the measured value

and the average absolute value of relative error between them was less than 8.0%. At the end of infiltration

the contents of urea nitrogen

ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) at the same position all increased with the increasing of fertilizer concentration. NH4+-N mainly distributed above 20 cm of soil wetted depth

and the contents of urea nitrogen and NO3--N decreased with the increasing of soil wetted depth.During the redistribution process

the contents of urea nitrogen in clay loam and sandy loam decreased with the increasing of redistribution time

and the hydrolysis of urea nitrogen in the wetted clay loam and sandy loam was basically completed at the 5th and the 3rd days of redistribution

respectively. The content of NH4+-N increased first and then decreased

the peak value of NH4+-N content clay loam appeared within the range of the 3~5 days in redistribution

while that of sandy loam appeared about around 3 days in redistribution. The content of NO3--N in clay loam increased first and then decreased

and its peak value appeared within the range of the 5~10 days in redistribution

while the content of NO3--N in sandy loam remained at a high level after 10 days. The research results could provide theoretical basis and technical support for the design and management of irrigation and fertilization system.

关键词

Keywords

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