岩石裸露与水土流失关系研究现状及石漠化因子研究存在的问题

李瑞; 盘礼东

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.05.002

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岩石裸露与水土流失关系研究现状及石漠化因子研究存在的问题

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 岩石裸露与水土流失关系研究现状及石漠化因子研究存在的问题
- Research Status of the Relationship Between Rock Exposure and Soil and Water Loss and Discussion on the Existing Problems in the Research of Rocky Desertification Factors
- 水土保持学报 2021年35卷第5期页码：10-15
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 贵州师范大学喀斯特研究院,贵阳,550001
  2. 国家喀斯特石漠化防治工程技术研究中心,贵阳,550001
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "李瑞(1979-),男,博士,研究员,主要从事土壤侵蚀与水土保持研究。E-mail:rlfer@126.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目（32060372，31760243）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.05.002
  中图分类号： S157.1
- 纸质出版：2021
- 稿件说明：
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李瑞, 盘礼东. 岩石裸露与水土流失关系研究现状及石漠化因子研究存在的问题[J]. 水土保持学报, 2021,35(5):10-15.

LI Rui, PAN Lidong. Research Status of the Relationship Between Rock Exposure and Soil and Water Loss and Discussion on the Existing Problems in the Research of Rocky Desertification Factors[J]. 2021, 35(5): 10-15.
李瑞, 盘礼东. 岩石裸露与水土流失关系研究现状及石漠化因子研究存在的问题[J]. 水土保持学报, 2021,35(5):10-15. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.05.002.

LI Rui, PAN Lidong. Research Status of the Relationship Between Rock Exposure and Soil and Water Loss and Discussion on the Existing Problems in the Research of Rocky Desertification Factors[J]. 2021, 35(5): 10-15. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.05.002.

摘要

基岩裸露是喀斯特地区的常见现象，形成了类似荒漠景观的"石漠化"，而石漠化的发生发展影响了区域土壤侵蚀机理和结果，故需加大石漠化因子（D）与水土流失定量关系研究，以便修正土壤流失方程。因此，在中外文献查阅的基础上，总结了岩石裸露对坡面水土流失的影响相关研究现状。结果表明，岩石裸露对坡面水土流失的影响研究结论较为离散，主要观点可分为2大类：一类观点认为，随着坡面岩石裸露率的增加，水土流失呈线性、二次函数及指数等趋势衰减，其中以指数衰减为主要方式；另一类观点认为，岩石裸露对坡面水土流失的影响具有复杂性，与坡度、土壤类型、降雨阶段及岩石裸露率区间等有关，在一定条件下，随着岩石裸露率的增加，水土流失加剧。对于我国喀斯特区D因子研究现状，主要存在2个方面的问题：一是相关定量观测试验较少，致使RUSLE等常用土壤流失方程在喀斯特地区的应用受到较大限制；二是野外定位观测作为研究土壤侵蚀各因子的重要手段，但在喀斯特地区建造天然岩溶裸露小区的难度极大。研究结果可为我国喀斯特区石漠化因子（D）的定量研究及相关土壤流失方程的修正提供参考。

Abstract

Bedrock exposure is a common phenomenon in karst area

which forms "rocky desertification" similar to desertscape. And the occurrence and development of rocky desertification affect the mechanism and results of regional soil erosion. Therefore

it is necessary to study the quantitative relationship between rocky desertification factors (D) and soil and water loss in order to revise soil loss equations. On the basis of reviewing domestic and abroad literatures

this paper summarized the research status of the impact of rock exposure on soil erosion on slope. The results showed that the research conclusions were relatively discrete

and the viewpoints fell mainly into two categories. One was that the soil and water loss tended to decline in a linear

quadratic function and exponential trend with the increases of rock exposure rates

and the exponential attenuation was the main way; the other was that the effect of rock exposure on soil and water loss on slope was complex

which was related to slope gradient

soil type

rainfall stage and range of rock exposure rate. Under the certain conditions

with the increases of rock exposure rates

soil erosion would be intensified. For the research status of D-factor in karst areas in China

we think that there are two main problems:One is that there are few quantitative observation experiments between D-factor and soil and water loss

which limits the application of RUSLE and other commonly used soil loss equations in karst areas; the other is that field positioning observation is an important means to study soil erosion factors

but the construction of natural rock exposure runoff plot in karst areas is very difficult. The results can provide a reference for the quantitative study of D-factor and the correction of soil loss equation in karst areas of China.

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