化肥减量配施有机肥对旱地小麦产量、品质和水分利用率的影响

裴雪霞; 党建友; 张定一; 张晶; 高璐; 程麦凤; 王姣爱

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.04.035

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化肥减量配施有机肥对旱地小麦产量、品质和水分利用率的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 化肥减量配施有机肥对旱地小麦产量、品质和水分利用率的影响
- Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Organic Fertilizer on the Yield, Quality, and Water Use Efficiency of Dryland Wheat
- 水土保持学报 2021年35卷第4期页码：250-258
- 作者机构：
  
  山西农业大学小麦研究所,山西,临汾,041000
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "裴雪霞(1973-),女,副研究员,主要从事作物高产高效栽培技术研究。E-mail:peixuexia@163.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD0200404-07）国家现代农业产业技术体系（CARS-03-2-07）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.04.035
  中图分类号： S143;S141.4;S512.1
- 纸质出版：2021
- 稿件说明：
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裴雪霞, 党建友, 张定一, 等. 化肥减量配施有机肥对旱地小麦产量、品质和水分利用率的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2021,35(4):250-258.

PEI Xuexia, DANG Jianyou, ZHANG Dingyi, et al. Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Organic Fertilizer on the Yield, Quality, and Water Use Efficiency of Dryland Wheat[J]. 2021, 35(4): 250-258.
裴雪霞, 党建友, 张定一, 等. 化肥减量配施有机肥对旱地小麦产量、品质和水分利用率的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2021,35(4):250-258. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.04.035.

PEI Xuexia, DANG Jianyou, ZHANG Dingyi, et al. Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Organic Fertilizer on the Yield, Quality, and Water Use Efficiency of Dryland Wheat[J]. 2021, 35(4): 250-258. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.04.035.

摘要

探讨有机肥与化肥配施对旱地小麦产量、品质和水分利用率的影响，为黄土丘陵区旱地麦田有机肥替代化肥比例和减小年际间产量波动提供理论依据。于2017—2019年，定位研究了常量化肥（B）、猪粪替代常量化肥（A1B1，替代20%；A1B2，替代30%；A1B3，替代40%）和羊粪替代常量化肥（A2B1，替代20%；A2B2，替代30%；A2B3，替代40%）对旱地小麦产量及其构成、籽粒营养品质和面粉加工品质、水分利用率的影响。结果表明，与仅施常量化肥相比，化肥减量配施有机肥可提高旱地小麦产量、籽粒容重、硬度指数、蛋白质含量和面粉沉降值，有机肥替代适量化肥可提高水分利用率。猪粪和羊粪在不同年型下对产量和水分利用率效应有差异，其中猪粪在丰水年但生育期阶段性干旱且春季遭遇冻害年型下，可提高旱地小麦成穗数和穗粒数，较羊粪配施化肥增产，且提高了水分利用率；羊粪在干旱年份但关键生育期均有降水且休闲期贮水量较高的年型下，可提高成穗数，较猪粪配施化肥增产，水分利用率也提高。有机肥替代常量化肥比例因有机肥种类而有差异，其中猪粪替代20%常量化肥最好，2年度分别较仅施常量化肥增产39.76%和2.46%，2018年度水分利用率提高4.91 kg/（hm2·mm）；羊粪替代40%常量化肥最好，2年度分别较仅施常量化肥增产18.88%和2.28%，水分利用率分别提高2.57，12.68 kg/（hm2·mm）。本试验的2个年型下，化肥减量配施猪粪或羊粪可提高旱地小麦产量和水分利用率，改善小麦品质，同时耕层土壤有机质含量提高。山西南部丘陵区雨养旱地麦田，猪粪替代20%常量化肥或羊粪替代40%常量化肥，是实现小麦高产稳产及提质增效的化肥减施和有机替代模式。

Abstract

The effects of combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on yield

quality

and water use efficiency of dryland wheat were studied

which provided theoretical basis for substituting chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer and reducing annual yield fluctuation in dryland wheat field in loess hilly region. In 2017—2019

the effects of constant chemical fertilizer (B)

constant chemical fertilizer substituted by pig manure (A1B1

substituted by 20%; A1B2

substituted by 30%; A1B3

substituted by 40%) and constant chemical fertilizer substituted by sheep manure (A2B1

substituted by 20%; A2B2

substituted by 30%; A2B3

substituted by 40%) on the yield and composition

grain nutritional quality

flour processing quality

and water use efficiency of dryland wheat were studied. The results showed that

compared with the application of chemical fertilizer only

the combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer can improve the yield

grain bulk density

hardness index

protein content

and flour sedimentation value of dryland wheat

and chemical fertilizer substituted by proper amount of organic fertilizer can increase water use efficiency. The effects of pig manure and sheep manure on yield and water use efficiency were different under different years. Compared with sheep manure combined with chemical fertilizer

the spike number and kernels per spike of dryland wheat were increased and the yield and water use efficiency were improved by pig manure combined with chemical fertilizer in wet year

which showed periodic drought in growth period and freezing injury in spring. Compared with pig manure combined with chemical fertilizer

the spike number

yield

and water use efficiency were increased by sheep manure combined with chemical fertilizer in dry years that had precipitation in key growth period and high water storage in fallow period. The proportion of organic fertilizer substituting for constant chemical fertilizer varies with the type of organic fertilizer. Pig manure substitute for 20% chemical fertilizer was the best

increased yield by 39.76% and 2.46% compared with the application of chemical fertilizer only respectively

and increased water use efficiency by 4.91 kg/(hm2·mm) in 2018; sheep manure substitute for 40% chemical fertilizer was the best

increased yield by 18.88% and 2.28% compared with the application of chemical fertilizer only

and increased water use efficiency by 2.57 kg/(hm2·mm) and 12.68 kg/(hm2·mm) respectively. In the two extreme years’ experiment

the reduction of chemical fertilizer combined with pig manure or sheep manure could improve wheat yield and water use efficiency

improve wheat quality

and increase soil organic matter content in topsoil. Considering from the dour qualities and the point of fertilizer saving

20% chemical fertilizer that substituted by pig manure or 40% substituted by sheep manure is recommended for the wheat production in Southern Shanxi Province.

关键词

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