氮磷配施对苹果幼苗生长、土壤无机磷形态和磷素利用的影响

张鑫; 邢玥; 刘照霞; 吕明露; 朱占玲; 姜远茂; 葛顺峰

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.04.033

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氮磷配施对苹果幼苗生长、土壤无机磷形态和磷素利用的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 氮磷配施对苹果幼苗生长、土壤无机磷形态和磷素利用的影响
- Effects of Combined Application of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer on Apple Rootstock Seedling Growth, Soil Inorganic Phosphorus Forms and Phosphorus Utilization
- 水土保持学报 2021年35卷第4期页码：237-242
- 作者机构：
  
  作物生物学国家重点实验室, 山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,山东,泰安,271018
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "张鑫(1995-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事苹果磷素营养研究。E-mail:981925843@qq.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFD0200200/08，2016YFD0201100）国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目（CARS-27）山东省泰山学者工程专项（TSPD20181206）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.04.033
  中图分类号： S158.5;S661.1
- 纸质出版：2021
- 稿件说明：
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张鑫, 邢玥, 刘照霞, 等. 氮磷配施对苹果幼苗生长、土壤无机磷形态和磷素利用的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2021,35(4):237-242.

ZHANG Xin, XING Yue, LIU Zhaoxia, et al. Effects of Combined Application of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer on Apple Rootstock Seedling Growth, Soil Inorganic Phosphorus Forms and Phosphorus Utilization[J]. 2021, 35(4): 237-242.
张鑫, 邢玥, 刘照霞, 等. 氮磷配施对苹果幼苗生长、土壤无机磷形态和磷素利用的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2021,35(4):237-242. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.04.033.

ZHANG Xin, XING Yue, LIU Zhaoxia, et al. Effects of Combined Application of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer on Apple Rootstock Seedling Growth, Soil Inorganic Phosphorus Forms and Phosphorus Utilization[J]. 2021, 35(4): 237-242. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.04.033.

摘要

以矮化苹果砧木M9T337幼苗为试材，设置4个氮水平（N 0，150，300，450 mg/kg，分别以N0、N1、N2、N3表示）和2个磷水平（P2O5 100，200 mg/kg，分别以P1、P2表示），研究了氮磷配施对苹果砧木幼苗生长、土壤无机磷形态转化和磷素吸收利用的影响，以期为果园磷肥高效利用提供参考依据。结果表明，不同氮磷配施显著影响M9T337幼苗生物量及根系形态，以N2P2处理效果最佳，其次为N1P2处理。植株磷素积累量及磷肥利用率分别在N2P2、N2P1处理下达到最大值，同一磷水平下适量增氮可促进幼苗对磷素的吸收，有效提高植株磷肥利用率。高氮处理（N3P1、N3P2）显著抑制幼苗对土壤磷素的吸收，不利于砧木幼苗的生长。土壤有效磷（Olsen—P）含量主要受施磷量的影响，在N2P2处理下达到最大，为27.86 mg/kg；土壤碱性磷酸酶活性则在N2P1处理下最大，为2.12 mg/（g·d）。与单施磷肥相比，氮磷配施增加土壤中可供植物吸收利用的Ca8—P、Al—P所占土壤磷库的比例，降低植物难以吸收利用的Ca10—P比例，Ca2—P的比例也有所降低；随施氮量的增加，Ca8—P、Al—P呈现先增加后减小的趋势，均在N2P2处理下达到最大值，Ca10—P随施氮量的增加呈现逐渐降低的趋势，而Fe—P、O—P含量在不同施氮量下则无明显变化趋势。合理的氮磷配施可通过改变土壤无机磷库组成，提高土壤磷素有效性，促进砧木幼苗的生长和对土壤磷素的吸收。

Abstract

Taking the seedlings of the dwarf rootstock M9T337 as the test material

4 nitrogen (N) levels (N 0

150

300

450 mg/kg

represented by N0

respectively) and 2 phosphorus (P) levels (P2O5 100

200 mg/kg

represented by P1 and P2

respectively) was set up to study the effects of combined application of N and P fertilizer on the growth of apple rootstock seedlings

the transformation of soil inorganic P forms and its absorption and utilization

in order to provide a reference for the efficient use of P fertilizer in orchards. The results showed that different N and P treatments significantly affected the biomass and root morphology of M9T337 seedlings

and N2P2 treatment performed best

followed by N1P2 treatment. P accumulation and P fertilizer utilization efficiency in seedings reached the maximum under N2P2 and N2P1 treatments

respectively. Under the same P level

appropriate N addition could promote the absorption of P by seedlings and effectively improve the P fertilizer utilization efficiency of plants. High N treatment (N3P1

N3P2) significantly inhibited the uptake of P in soil by seedlings

which was not conducive to the growth of rootstock seedlings. The soil available phosphorus (Olsen—P) content was mainly affected by the amount of P applied

and reached the maximum value of 27.86 mg/kg under N2P2 treatment. The maximum alkaline phosphatase activity reached at 2.12 mg/(g·d) under N2P1 treatment. Compared with P applied alone

combined application of N and P increased the proportion of Ca8—P and Al—P in the soil P pool that could be absorbed and utilized by plants

and reduced the proportion of Ca10—P that was difficult for plants to absorb and utilize

and the proportion of Ca2—P was also reduced. With the increase of N application rates

Ca8—P and Al—P showed a trend of firstly increasing and then decreasing

and both reached the maximum under N2P2 treatment. Ca10—P showed a gradually decreasing trend with the increase of N application rates. There was a stable trend of Fe—P and O—P content under different N application rates. Reasonable N and P combination could improve the availability of P in soil by changing the composition of soil inorganic P pool

and promote the growth of rootstock seedlings and the absorption of P in soil.

关键词

Keywords

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