不同施肥对河套灌区瓜田土壤养分及甜瓜生长和养分利用的影响

郭雨浓; 刘宝玉; 郑直; 张赛峰; 王培周; 周建斌; 陈竹君

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.04.032

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不同施肥对河套灌区瓜田土壤养分及甜瓜生长和养分利用的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 不同施肥对河套灌区瓜田土壤养分及甜瓜生长和养分利用的影响
- Effects of Different Fertilizations on Soil Nutrients and Muskmelon Growth and Nutrient Utilization in the Hetao Irrigation District
- 水土保持学报 2021年35卷第4期页码：230-236
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 陕西杨凌,712100
  2. 巴彦淖尔市植保植检站,内蒙古,巴彦淖尔,015000
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "郭雨浓(1996-),女,硕士研究生,主要从事缓控释肥料对甜瓜养分吸收利用研究。E-mail:1715059961@qq.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD0201302）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.04.032
  中图分类号： S511
- 纸质出版：2021
- 稿件说明：
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郭雨浓, 刘宝玉, 郑直, 等. 不同施肥对河套灌区瓜田土壤养分及甜瓜生长和养分利用的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2021,35(4):230-236.

GUO Yunong, LIU Baoyu, ZHENG Zhi, et al. Effects of Different Fertilizations on Soil Nutrients and Muskmelon Growth and Nutrient Utilization in the Hetao Irrigation District[J]. 2021, 35(4): 230-236.
郭雨浓, 刘宝玉, 郑直, 等. 不同施肥对河套灌区瓜田土壤养分及甜瓜生长和养分利用的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2021,35(4):230-236. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.04.032.

GUO Yunong, LIU Baoyu, ZHENG Zhi, et al. Effects of Different Fertilizations on Soil Nutrients and Muskmelon Growth and Nutrient Utilization in the Hetao Irrigation District[J]. 2021, 35(4): 230-236. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.04.032.

摘要

采用田间试验研究了内蒙古巴彦淖尔市河套灌区甜瓜一次性施肥、覆膜后灌水淋洗排盐传统种植模式下不同施肥对土壤养分及甜瓜产量、品质和养分利用的效应，不同施肥处理包括不施肥（CK）、常规施肥（CF，N 445.5 kg/hm2，P2O5 399 kg/hm2，K2O 54 kg/hm2）、优化减量施肥（RF，N 240 kg/hm2，P2O5 150 kg/hm2，K2O 120 kg/hm2）、控释肥（RSF，控释尿素N 240 kg/hm2，P2O5 150 kg/hm2，K2O 120 kg/hm2）、优化减量施肥+有机肥（RF+OM，增加有机肥15 t/hm2）、控释肥+有机肥（RSF+OM）6个处理。结果表明：RSF在甜瓜生育期维持较高的土壤氮素水平，与单施化肥相比，RF+OM、RSF+OM处理可以维持土壤有机质含量，培肥土壤。各施肥处理与CK相比，甜瓜产量均显著增加（P<0.05），RSF+OM处理产量显著高于CF处理，RF、RSF及RF+OM处理与CF处理相比产量和品质提高，但差异不显著。RF、RSF处理氮素利用效率比CF处理分别提高15.1，21.5个百分点，磷素利用效率分别提高20.4，18.8个百分点。化肥减施及施用控释肥对减少河套地区甜瓜农田灌溉退水中氮素汇入乌梁素海引起的面源污染具有重要的生态环境意义。

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different fertilizer treatments on soil nutrients

yield

quality and nutrient utilization of muskmelon in the Hetao Irrigation District of Bayannur city

Inner Mongolia. The traditional planting mode of fertilization and irrigation was that after all fertilizers was added and mulched with plastic film

flood irrigation was applied to leach salt

then the seeds were sowed. Six treatments were set up

including CK treatment without any fertilizer (CK)

conventional fertilization treatment (CF

N 445.5

P2O5 399

and K2O 54 kg/hm2)

reduced and optimized fertilization treatment (RF

N 240

P2O5 150

and K2O 120 kg/hm2)

reduced controlled-release fertilization treatment (RSF

controlled-release urea

N 240

P2O5 150

and K2O 120 kg/hm2)

reduced and optimized fertilization combined with organic manure treatment (RF+OM

combined with organic manure 15 t/hm2)

reduced controlled-release fertilization combined with organic manure treatment (RSF+OM). The results showed that the soil nitrogen content of RSF treatment was higher during the growth period of muskmelon. Treatments added with manure (RF+OM

RSF+OM) maintained the level of soil organic matter

therefore increased soil fertility

as compared with the treatments only added the chemical fertilizers. Compared with no fertilization (CK)

the yield of muskmelon in all fertilization treatments increased significantly (P<0.05). The yield of RSF+OM treatment was significantly higher than that of CF treatment; and there were no significant differences between the yield and quality of RF

RSF and RF+OM treatments compared with the CF. Compared with CF treatment

RF and RSF treatments increased the nitrogen use efficiency by 15.1% and 21.5%

respectively. Compared with CF

RF and RSF treatments increased the phosphate use efficiency by 20.4% and 18.8%

respectively. Reducing the application of chemical fertilizer and applying controlled release fertilizer had important ecological and environmental significance for reducing nitrogen loss from muskmelon field in the Hetao Irrigation District into the Wuliangsuhai Lake.

关键词

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