1. 河南农业大学烟草学院,郑州,450002
2. 河南省烟草公司洛阳市公司,河南,洛阳,471000
3. 河南中烟工业有限责任公司,郑州,450000
纸质出版:2021
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殷全玉, 孟祥瑞, 赵世民, 等. 有机无机氮肥配施下洛阳烟田土壤N2O排放特点及其控制因素[J]. 水土保持学报, 2021,35(2):330-337.
The N2O Emission Characteristics and Controlling Factors in Luoyang Tobacco Field Under the Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Nitrogen Fertilizer[J]. 2021, 35(2): 330-337.
殷全玉, 孟祥瑞, 赵世民, 等. 有机无机氮肥配施下洛阳烟田土壤N2O排放特点及其控制因素[J]. 水土保持学报, 2021,35(2):330-337. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.02.044.
The N2O Emission Characteristics and Controlling Factors in Luoyang Tobacco Field Under the Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Nitrogen Fertilizer[J]. 2021, 35(2): 330-337. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.02.044.
随着农田化肥使用量的逐年增加和土壤退化问题日趋严重,农田温室气体排放关注度持续提高,为研究旱作植烟土壤N
2
O排放特征及影响机理,设置6个田间试验处理,分别为CK0(不施肥处理)、CK1(100%无机氮)、T1(50%无机氮+50%饼肥氮)、T2(50%无机氮+50%羊粪肥氮)、T3(25%无机氮+75%饼肥氮)、T4(25%无机氮+75%羊粪肥氮),各处理施氮量均为45 kg/hm
2
,烟田施用基肥后起142天内测量不同处理土壤N
2
O排放通量、硝态氮、铵态氮含量、根层温度和含水率。结果表明:(1)基肥施入后的3~7天内,土壤N
2
O排放通量进入高峰,无机肥处理和有机无机肥配施处理的高峰期分别可维持20,9天,追肥后3天再次出现排放峰并持续9天,随后伴随烟株的生长发育,烟地N
2
O排放通量逐渐趋向稳定。(2)基肥施用后仅1个月内N
2
O累积排放量可达到总排放量的27.4%~32.6%;处理间N
2
O排放量和排放系数均表现为无机
>
有机+无机(1:1)
>
有机+无机(3:1),无机肥配施有机肥明显降低了肥料中氮素以N
2
O形态的损失量;与无机肥相比,T1和T2烟叶产量分别增加9.44%和6.37%,T1、T2、T3和T4处理的N
2
O排放强度有着不同程度的降低。(3)主成分分析结果显示,在不施肥烟地中0—5 cm土壤温度和含水率是N
2
O排放通量主导因子,利用相关性分析此环境下温度和水分分别与N
2
O排放通量间呈现显著和极显著正相关关系;施肥后土壤铵态氮含量和土壤含水率是烟地N
2
O排放通量的主导因子且相关性分析均呈现极显著正相关关系。综上,旱地植烟土壤N
2
O排放受氮肥种类影响较大,施肥后N
2
O排放通量对土壤温度响应减弱,主要受土壤铵态氮含量和含水量的影响;在总氮量相同情况下,有机无机肥配施比例为1:1时明显降低土壤N
2
O排放并提高了产量,该比例饼肥和羊粪肥处理分别将烟地N
2
O排放强度降低20.4%和23.7%。
With the increasing chemical fertilizers application and serious soil degradation
the greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture field have be
en also concerned. The experiment combined organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen in order to study N
2
O emissions in dry tobacco field. There were 6 treatments:CK0 (no fertilizer)
CK1 (100% inorganic nitrogen)
T1 (50% inorganic nitrogen/50% cake fertilizer nitrogen)
T2 (50% inorganic nitrogen/50% sheep manure nitrogen)
T3 (25% inorganic nitrogen/75% cake fertilizer nitrogen)
T4 (25% inorganic nitrogen/75% sheep manure nitrogen). Totally 45 kg/hm
2
nitrogen was applied for each treatment. With in 142 days from applying basic fertilizer
the N
2
O emission flux
NO
3
-
NH
4
+
0—5 cm soil temperature and moisture content were analyzed. The results showed that:(1) The N
2
O emission flux of the soil reached a high flux after 3~7 days of basic fertilization. The inorganic fertilizer and the combined fertilizer of inorganic and organic for the first high flux were lasting about 20 days and 9 days respectively. The N
2
O emission flux of the soil reached a high flux one more time after 3 days of the second fertilization
and lasted 9 days. During the tobacco growing
soil N
2
O emissions tended to be stable. (2) The cumulative emissions of N
2
O could reach 27.4%~32.6% of the total emissions after one month of basic fertilization. The relationship of the emissions flux and the N
2
O emission factors among treatments was inorganic
>
organic + inorganic (1:1)
>
Organic + Inorganic (3:1). The organic fertilizer reduced the loss of nitrogen in the fertilizer in the form of N
2
O. Compared with the inorganic fertilizers
the yield of T1 and T2 increased by 9.44% and 6.37% respectively; and the N
2
O emission intensity of each treatment were reduced. (3) Principal component analysis results showed that soil temperature and moisture content of 0~5 cm were the dominant factors of N
2
O flux in non-fertilized tobacco fields. Analyzing correlation
temperature and moisture in this
treatment were significantly positively and extremely significantly positively correlated with N
2
O flux
respectively. After fertilization
soil NH
4
+
and soil moisture content were the dominant factors of N
2
O flux from
and the correlation showed a significant positive correlation (P
<
0.01). In summary
the N
2
O flux of tobacco soil was extremely affected by the type of nitrogen fertilizer. After fertilizing
the responses of tobacco field N
2
O fluxes to soil temperature declined
and the main influencing factors were NH
4
+
and soil moisture. Under the same nitrogen content
the combined fertilizer of organic and inorganic rate of 1:1 reduced the N
2
O cumulative emissions significantly
and enhanced the tobacco yield. The cake fertilizer and sheep manure with this organic and inorganic rate reduced the emission intensity by 20.4% and 23.7%
respectively.
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