地下水埋深与控肥对夏玉米氮素吸收和产量的影响

佘映军; 李平; 杜臻杰; 白芳芳; 郭魏; 梁志杰; 崔嘉欣; 马灿灿; 齐学斌

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.02.041

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地下水埋深与控肥对夏玉米氮素吸收和产量的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 地下水埋深与控肥对夏玉米氮素吸收和产量的影响
- Effects of Different Groundwater Depth and Fertilizer Controlling on Nitrogen Uptake and Yield of Summer Maize
- 水土保持学报 2021年35卷第2期页码：309-314
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,河南,新乡,453002
  2. 中国农业科学院研究生院,北京,100081
  3. 中国农业科学院河南新乡农业水土环境野外科学观测试验站,河南,新乡,453002
  4. 农业农村部农产品质量安全水环境因子风险评估实验室,河南,新乡,453002
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "佘映军(1995—),男,在读博士,主要从事农业水资源安全利用研究。E-mail:2472035699@qq.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFD0800403）国家自然科学基金项目（51679241）中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目（CAAS-ASTIP-FIRI-03）中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项（FIRI2016-10）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.02.041
  中图分类号： S513;S273.4
- 纸质出版：2021
- 稿件说明：
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佘映军, 李平, 杜臻杰, 等. 地下水埋深与控肥对夏玉米氮素吸收和产量的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2021,35(2):309-314.

SHE Yingjun, LI Ping, DU Zhenjie, et al. Effects of Different Groundwater Depth and Fertilizer Controlling on Nitrogen Uptake and Yield of Summer Maize[J]. 2021, 35(2): 309-314.
佘映军, 李平, 杜臻杰, 等. 地下水埋深与控肥对夏玉米氮素吸收和产量的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2021,35(2):309-314. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.02.041.

SHE Yingjun, LI Ping, DU Zhenjie, et al. Effects of Different Groundwater Depth and Fertilizer Controlling on Nitrogen Uptake and Yield of Summer Maize[J]. 2021, 35(2): 309-314. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.02.041.

摘要

为探明地下水埋深与减施氮肥对夏玉米氮素吸收利用及产量的影响，基于大型地中渗透仪，研究了地下水埋深和施氮量对夏玉米氮素利用效率、植株氮素积累量、产量及其形成要素的影响，其中地下水埋深设2 m（G1），3 m（G2）和4 m（G3）3个水平，施氮量设减氮20%处理（240 kg/hm2，N1）、常规施氮处理（300 kg/hm2，N2）2个水平，不控水不施氮处理（G0N0）作为对照，共计7个处理。结果表明：（1）减氮20%条件下，夏玉米产量随地下水埋深增加呈减小趋势，氮素收获指数在埋深2 m下显著高于埋深3，4 m，分别增加5.71%，7.22%；（2）常规施氮条件下，埋深2 m处理茎、叶吸氮量显著高于埋深3~4 m处理，增幅为19.52%~50.31%，但产量、籽粒吸氮量和氮素收获指数埋深2 m处理显著低于埋深3~4 m处理，降幅为17.28%~29.28%；（3）地下水埋深2 m下，产量、氮肥农学效率、氮肥生理利用率、籽粒氮肥吸收利用率和氮素收获指数减氮20%处理均显著高于常规施氮处理，增幅为22.18%~115.35%。地下水埋深2 m条件下，施氮240 kg/hm2显著提升氮肥的增产效果，以及施氮后氮素转化为产量和干物质的效率，同时还增强氮素向籽粒的转移率，从而保持产量不致降低，因此埋深2 m条件下减氮20%有一定可行性。研究结果可为地下水浅埋地区控施氮肥提供理论参考依据。

Abstract

In order to explore the effects of groundwater depth and nitrogen reduction on summer maize nitrogen uptake

utilization and yield

based on large lysimeters

the effects of groundwater depth and nitrogen application rate on summer maize nitrogen utilization efficiency

plant nitrogen accumulation

yield and its component factors were studied. Among them

the groundwater depth was set at 3 levels of 2 m (G1)

3 m (G2) and 4 m (G3); the nitrogen application amount was set at 2 levels of conventional nitrogen application (300 kg/hm2

N2)

nitrogen reduction treatment by 20% (240 kg/hm2

N1)

and no groundwater depth with no nitrogen application (G0N0) as the control group

where a total of 7 treatments were used. The results showed that:(1) Under N1 treatment

the yield of summer maize decreased with the increases of groundwater

the nitrogen harvest index at G1 was significantly higher than that at G2 and G3

with an increase of 5.71% and 7.22% respectively. (2) The nitrogen uptakes of stem and leaf treated with N2 at G1 were significantly higher than those at G2~G3

with the increases of 19.52%~50.31%. But the nitrogen uptake

nitrogen harvest index and grain yield at G1 were significantly lower than those at G2~G3

with the decreases of 17.28%~29.28%. (3) At the depth of G1

the yield

agronomic efficiency

physiological utilization rate

grain N uptake utilization rate of N fertilizer and N harvest index under N1 were significantly higher than those under N2

with the increases between 22.18% and 115.35%. Under the condition of 2 m groundwater depth

the nitrogen application rate of 240 kg/hm2 could be beneficial to improve the yield increasing effect of nitrogen fertilizer

increase the efficiency of nitrogen conversion into yield and dry matter after nitrogen application

enhance the transfer rate of nitrogen to grain and maintain yield not to decrease. So

it was feasible to reduce nitrogen by 20% under this groundwater depth. The results could provide theoretical reference for nitrogen fertilizer control in shallow groundwater area.

关键词

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