河套灌区节水减肥对玉米不同生育期水分和养分的影响

戴嘉璐; 李瑞平; 李聪聪; 鲁耀泽; 邹存菁

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.01.039

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

河套灌区节水减肥对玉米不同生育期水分和养分的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 河套灌区节水减肥对玉米不同生育期水分和养分的影响
- Effects of Water Saving and Fertilizer Reducing on Water and Nutrients of Maize at Different Growth Stages in the Hetao Irrigated Area
- 水土保持学报 2021年35卷第1期页码：271-277
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,呼和浩特,010018
  2. 巴彦淖尔市水利科学研究所,内蒙古,巴彦淖尔,015000
  3. 内蒙古河套灌区永济灌域管理局,内蒙古,巴彦淖尔,015000
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "戴嘉璐(1996-),女,硕士研究生,主要从事灌溉排水理论与新技术研究。E-mail:1529231858@qq.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目（51839006）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.01.039
  中图分类号： S275.3
- 纸质出版：2021
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
戴嘉璐, 李瑞平, 李聪聪, 等. 河套灌区节水减肥对玉米不同生育期水分和养分的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2021,35(1):271-277.

DAI Jialu, LI Ruiping, LI Congcong, et al. Effects of Water Saving and Fertilizer Reducing on Water and Nutrients of Maize at Different Growth Stages in the Hetao Irrigated Area[J]. 2021, 35(1): 271-277.
戴嘉璐, 李瑞平, 李聪聪, 等. 河套灌区节水减肥对玉米不同生育期水分和养分的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2021,35(1):271-277. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.01.039.

DAI Jialu, LI Ruiping, LI Congcong, et al. Effects of Water Saving and Fertilizer Reducing on Water and Nutrients of Maize at Different Growth Stages in the Hetao Irrigated Area[J]. 2021, 35(1): 271-277. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.01.039.

摘要

为探究不同灌水和施肥条件对河套灌区不同生育期玉米生长的影响，以玉米"金苹628"为材料，分别研究了低水（1 800 m3/hm2）、中水（2 250 m3/hm2）、高水（2 700 m3/hm2）3个灌水水平，低肥（300 kg/hm2）、中肥（375 kg/hm2）、高肥（450 kg/hm2）3个施肥水平，并以当地一般灌水量和施肥量为对照（CK），共10个处理在苗期、拔节、抽雄、灌浆、成熟期对土壤水分、养分和玉米生长的影响。结果表明：拔节期以后，土壤平均含水率呈下降趋势；抽雄和灌浆期玉米耗水量最大，占整个生育期耗水量65%以上；拔节期土壤硝态氮累积量最小，植物吸收大量养分供玉米快速生长；高水水平下，玉米产量及水分利用效率随灌水和施肥量的增加呈先增后减趋势。通过多元逐步回归分析不同生育阶段土壤水分和养分对玉米生长的影响，筛选出不同生育期对玉米生长影响更为关键的要素，得出在抽雄、灌浆、成熟期土壤水分对玉米生长的影响比土壤养分大，拔节期土壤养分对玉米生长的影响比土壤水分大。研究结果可为河套灌区节水减肥，合理分配水资源，减少氮素面源污染，保障玉米稳定生长提供理论基础。

Abstract

In order to investigate the effects of different irrigation and fertilization conditions on the growth of maize at different fertility stages in the Loop irrigation area

three irrigation levels of low water (1 800 m3/hm2)

medium water (2 250 m3/hm2) and high water (2 700 m3/hm2)

and three fertilization levels of low (300 kg/hm2)

medium (375 kg/hm2) and high (450 kg/hm2) fertilization were investigated using maize "Jinping628" as the material

respectively. At the same time

the local irrigation and fertilization amount were used as the control group (CK). The effects of 10 treatments on soil moisture

nutrient and maize growth in the seedling stage

jointing stage

tasseling stage

filling stage and maturity stage were analyzed. Based on the results

it was found that the average soil water content tended to decrease after the pulling stage. Maize water consumption was highest during the pulling and filling stages

accounting for more than 65% of water consumption during the entire reproductive period. Soil nitrate-nitrogen accumulation was minimal during the pull-out stage

and plants absorbed large amounts of nutrients for rapid maize growth. Under high water levels

maize yield and water-use efficiency tended to increase and then decrease with irrigation and fertilization. Through multiple stepwise regression analysis

the effects of soil moisture and nutrients on maize growth in different growth stages were screened out. The results showed that soil moisture had a greater influence on maize growth than soil nutrients at tasseling

filling and maturity stages

and soil nutrients at jointing stage had a greater impact on maize growth than soil moisture. The results of the study can provide a theoretical basis for water conservation and reduction of chemical fertilizer use in the loop irrigation area

rational allocation of water resources

reduction of nitrogen surface pollution

and ensuring stable growth of maize.

关键词

Keywords

references

闫建文,史海滨,李仙岳,等.轻度盐渍化土壤水氮对玉米光合特性及产量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(3):277-284,289.

Xue J, Ren L. Evaluation of crop water productivity under sprinkler irrigation regime using a distributed agrohydrological model in an irrigation district of China[J].Agricultural Water Management,2016,178:350-365.

Wu Y, Shi X H, Li C Y,et al. Simulation of hydrology and nutrient transport in the Hetao Irrigation District,Inner Mongolia,China[J].Water,2017,9(3):e169.

徐昭,史海滨,李仙岳,等.水氮限量供给对盐渍化农田玉米光能利用与产量的影响[J].农业机械学报,2018,49(12):281-291.

邓西平,山仑.旱地春小麦对有限灌水高效利用的研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,1995,13(3):42-46.

郭富强,史海滨,杨树青,等.河套灌区间作模式下水肥高效利用试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2012,31(3):129-131.

白向历,孙世贤,杨国航,等.不同生育时期水分胁迫对玉米产量及生长发育的影响[J].玉米科学,2009,17(2):60-63.

冯乐勇,郝建平,梁改梅,等.不同栽培因素对玉米生育期土壤水分及籽粒产量的影响[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(1):29-32.

宁东峰,秦安振,刘战东,等.滴灌施肥下水氮供应对夏玉米产量、硝态氮和水氮利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2019,38(9):28-35.

李成,冯浩,罗帅,等.垄膜沟灌对旱区农田土壤盐分及硝态氮运移特征的影响[J].水土保持学报,2019,33(3):268-275.

Sepaskhah A R, Kanooni A, Ghasemi M M. Estimating water table contributions to corn and sorghum water use[J].Agricultural Water Management,2003,58(1):67-79.

Allen R G, Pereira L S, Raes D, et al. Crop evapotranspiration guidelinesfor computing crop water requirements[M].Rome:Food and Agricuture of the United Nations, Irrigation and Drainage Paper NO.56,1998.

孙占祥,邹晓锦,张鑫,等.施氮量对玉米产量和氮素利用效率及土壤硝态氮累积的影响[J].玉米科学,2011,19(5):119-123.

魏子涵,魏占民,李春强,等.不同灌溉方式对玉米植株生长参数及产量的影响[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(3):183-187.

齐智娟,冯浩,张体彬,等.覆膜耕作方式对河套灌区土壤水热效应及玉米产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(20):108-113.

王海瑞,吕志远,汤鹏程,等.喷灌条件下不同灌溉施肥对玉米耗水和产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(3):72-77,107.

丁宗江.干旱沙区可降解膜覆盖下滴灌农田水氮互作效应及灌溉制度优化[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2018.

王美荣,闫建文,史海滨,等.沙地水肥耦合对玉米生长及产量的影响[J].节水灌溉,2018(6):16-19.

王激清,李占台,刘社平.施肥模式对温室番茄生长和土壤硝态氮时空分布的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(11):31-36.

王激清,刘社平,韩宝文.施氮量对冀西北春玉米氮肥利用率和土壤硝态氮时空分布的影响[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(2):138-143.

彭龙,吕志远,郭克贞,等.毛乌素沙地水肥耦合对玉米的生长发育及产量的影响[J].节水灌溉,2016(4):7-10.

唐文雪,马忠明,王景才.施氮量对旱地全膜双垄沟播玉米田土壤硝态氮、产量和氮肥利用率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(6):58-63.

尹光华,刘作新,李桂芳,等.水肥耦合对春小麦水分利用效率的影响[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(6):156-158,162.

张婉晴,王秀茹,周杨.滴灌条件下秸秆覆盖与施肥对夏玉米水肥利用效率的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(6):139-146.

张富仓,严富来,范兴科,等.滴灌施肥水平对宁夏春玉米产量和水肥利用效率的影响[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(22):111-120.

张作为,史海滨,李祯,等.不同生育时期非充分灌溉对间作作物产量构成因子及收获指数的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(4):31-37,61.

浏览量

837

下载量

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

晋西黄土区长期人工林恢复对土壤水分和养分性质的影响

基于电阻层析成像技术的黄土区多土地利用类型土壤水分反演

暴雨强度与过程对渭北旱塬塬边土壤水分亏缺的调控机制

丛枝菌根真菌接种对喀斯特石漠化人工林土壤特性的影响

雷达探测分析广西丘陵坡耕地整地措施对土壤水分的影响