黄河干流头道拐水文站水沙运动特征及影响因素

赵水霞; 王文君; 全栋; 李超; 吴英杰; 全强; 孙泽辉

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.01.018

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黄河干流头道拐水文站水沙运动特征及影响因素

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 黄河干流头道拐水文站水沙运动特征及影响因素
- Characteristics and Impacting Factors of Flow-Sediment Movement at Toudaoguai Hydrological Station of the Yellow River
- 水土保持学报 2021年35卷第1期页码：125-131
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 水利部牧区水利科学研究所,呼和浩特,010020
  2. 内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,呼和浩特,010018
  3. 山西省环境科学研究院,太原,030027
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "赵水霞(1992-),女,博士,工程师,主要从事水力学河流动力学研究。E-mail:zhaosx@iwhr.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目（2020BS05038）国家自然科学基金项目（52009084，51669024）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.01.018
  中图分类号： TV882.1
- 纸质出版：2021
- 稿件说明：
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赵水霞, 王文君, 全栋, 等. 黄河干流头道拐水文站水沙运动特征及影响因素[J]. 水土保持学报, 2021,35(1):125-131.

ZHAO Shuixia, WANG Wenjun, QUAN Dong, et al. Characteristics and Impacting Factors of Flow-Sediment Movement at Toudaoguai Hydrological Station of the Yellow River[J]. 2021, 35(1): 125-131.
赵水霞, 王文君, 全栋, 等. 黄河干流头道拐水文站水沙运动特征及影响因素[J]. 水土保持学报, 2021,35(1):125-131. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.01.018.

ZHAO Shuixia, WANG Wenjun, QUAN Dong, et al. Characteristics and Impacting Factors of Flow-Sediment Movement at Toudaoguai Hydrological Station of the Yellow River[J]. 2021, 35(1): 125-131. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.01.018.

摘要

为明确黄河干流头道拐水文站水沙运动过程、变化趋势及运动状态特征，以2006—2018年黄河干流头道拐水文站水沙数据为基础，基于累积距平法、R/S极差分析法、河道来沙系数与不协调度等研究方法，对头道拐水文站水沙运动过程进行系统分析。结果表明：头道拐水文站年际间径流与输沙量和年内月均径流与输沙量变化趋势均呈现良好的一致性，但两者的季节性差异特征显著，且输沙量的显著性较径流更突出；冬季径流与输沙量变化趋势同步性相比其他季节较差，季节性的极差Hurst指数揭示了冬季输沙量变化趋势的反持续性和水沙不协调性易引起河道的冲淤演变；以来沙系数为水沙状态的划分依据，春季、夏季和秋季水沙特征多呈现水少沙多的状态，而冬季水沙状态则为水多沙少，水沙协调状态会出现在春季个别年份；季节性水沙不协调度总体呈夏季 > 秋季 > 春季 > 冬季的变化特征，特殊的来水来沙过程、水文气候特征及人类活动变化是造成水沙不协调的主要影响因素。

Abstract

To clarify the characteristics of flow-sediment movement process

changing tendency and movement state of Toudaoguai hydrologic station of the Yellow River

based on the flow and sediment data of Toudaoguai hydrological station in the Yellow River from 2006 to 2018

the flow-sediment movement process was systematically analyzed by using the cumulative anomaly

R/S range analysis

sediment coefficient and incoordination degree methods. The results showed that the inter-annual and monthly average variation of flow-sediment discharge in Toudaoguai station were well consistent

but the seasonal differences between them were significant

and the significance of sediment discharge was more prominent than runoff. Compared with other seasons

the synchronicity of variation trend of flow and sediment discharge in winter was worse. The Hurst index of seasonal revealed that the reverse persistence of the variation trend of sediment discharge

and the incongruity of flow and sediment in winter

could easily lead to erosion and deposition of the river channels. Based on sediment coefficient

which was the basis for the division of water and sediment states

the flow and sediment states were divided into three types

less water and more sediment was the characteristics of flow and sediment state in spring

summer and autumn

while in winter the state was more water and less sediment

and the flow-sediment coordination state appeared in spring of very few years. The incoordination degree of seasonal flow-sediment followed the order of summer > autumn > spring > winter. The special water and sediment inflow process

hydrological and climatic characteristics and human activities were the main factors influenced the imbalance of flow and sediment.

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