雨滴打击与壤中流交互作用对横坡垄作坡面侵蚀过程的影响

安娟; 殷小琳; 李国会; 吴希媛; 王立志

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.01.007

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雨滴打击与壤中流交互作用对横坡垄作坡面侵蚀过程的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 雨滴打击与壤中流交互作用对横坡垄作坡面侵蚀过程的影响
- Interactive Influence of Raindrop Impact and Seepage on Soil Erosion Process Within Contour Ridge System
- 水土保持学报 2021年35卷第1期页码：50-55
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 山东省水土保持与环境保育重点实验室, 临沂大学资源环境学院,山东,临沂,276005
  2. 中国水利水电科学研究院,北京,100048
  3. 山东省水利科学研究院,济南,250013
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "安娟(1982-),女,副教授,主要从事土壤侵蚀过程与机理研究。E-mail:anjuan0715@126.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目（41977067）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.01.007
  中图分类号： S157.1
- 纸质出版：2021
- 稿件说明：
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安娟, 殷小琳, 李国会, 等. 雨滴打击与壤中流交互作用对横坡垄作坡面侵蚀过程的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2021,35(1):50-55.

AN Juan, YIN Xiaolin, LI Guohui, et al. Interactive Influence of Raindrop Impact and Seepage on Soil Erosion Process Within Contour Ridge System[J]. 2021, 35(1): 50-55.
安娟, 殷小琳, 李国会, 等. 雨滴打击与壤中流交互作用对横坡垄作坡面侵蚀过程的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2021,35(1):50-55. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.01.007.

AN Juan, YIN Xiaolin, LI Guohui, et al. Interactive Influence of Raindrop Impact and Seepage on Soil Erosion Process Within Contour Ridge System[J]. 2021, 35(1): 50-55. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.01.007.

摘要

横坡垄作是被广泛采用的保护性耕作措施之一。垄沟低洼处的积水可诱发壤中流，并可造成雨滴打击对土壤颗粒分离/搬运的增强与减弱作用并存。因此，横坡垄作坡面雨滴打击与壤中流交互作用对土壤侵蚀过程的影响有别于传统坡面。基于人工模拟降雨试验，对有/无雨滴打击作用（RI，WRI）自由入渗（FD）和壤中流（SP）2种试验处理下的产流、产沙过程进行了探究。结果表明：（1）径流量表现为SP+WRI > SP+RI > FD+RI > FD+WRI。雨滴打击作用和壤中流对径流的贡献分别为-47.09%~54.37%和41.96%~85.62%。（2）侵蚀量表现为SP+RI > SP+WRI > FD+RI > FD+WRI。雨滴打击作用和壤中流对侵蚀量的贡献分别为12.92%~94.94%和25.83%~97.28%。（3）自由入渗试验处理下，雨滴打击作用对产流过程影响不明显；土壤饱和后，雨滴打击作用和壤中流的存在均使产流、产沙过程波动幅度更大。（4）有/无雨滴打击作用，自由入渗试验处理下的侵蚀量与产流率符合幂函数关系，而壤中流试验处理下二者符合指数关系。研究结果有助于加深对横坡垄作坡面土壤侵蚀过程的认识，为横坡垄作坡面水土流失综合治理提供理论支撑。

Abstract

Contour ridge system is an effectively agricultural practice used throughout the world. Due to microtopography

rainwater from side slopes flows into furrows and ponds in lower areas of furrows

and thus induces seepage to occur more readily. In addition

the ponding results in that raindrop impact enhances or weakens the capacity of soil detachment and transport. Therefore

the interactive influence of raindrop impact and seepage on soil erosion process is more complicated relative to traditional slope systems. Runoff and sediment yielding process were analyzed under two soil surface hydrological conditions (free drainage

FD and seepage

SP) and two soil surface conditions (with and without raindrop impact

RI and WRI) through simulated rainfalls. Results showed that: (1) Runoff ranked in the order of SP+WRI > SP+RI > FD+RI > FD+WRI. Raindrop impact and seepage contributed -47.09% ~ 54.37% and 41.96% ~ 85.62% to the runoff

respectively. (2) Soil loss decreased in the sequence of SP+RI

SP+WRI

FD+RI

and FD+WRI. Raindrop impact and seepage made contributions of 12.92% ~ 94.94% and 25.83% ~ 97.28% to soil loss

respectively. (3) Raindrop impact showed a slightly influence on runoff process under FD condition. However

raindrop impact and seepage induced the temporal variation of runoff rate and sediment concentration more fluctuated when soil was saturated. (4) With or without raindrop impact

a power function relation was found between runoff rate and soil loss under FD condition

while exponential function could describe their relation under SP condition. These findings were helpful to understand soil erosion process within contour ridge systems

and supply guidance for soil and water comprehensive conservation for implementing contour ridge systems.

关键词

Keywords

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