速缓效氮肥配施有机肥对滨海盐渍土供氮能力及小麦产量的影响

张乃丹; 宋付朋; 张喜琦; 左世福; 王文杰

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.06.047

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速缓效氮肥配施有机肥对滨海盐渍土供氮能力及小麦产量的影响

更新时间：2025-03-12

- 速缓效氮肥配施有机肥对滨海盐渍土供氮能力及小麦产量的影响
- Effect of Available and Slow-released Nitrogen Fertilizer Combined with Organic Fertilizer on Soil Nitrogen Supply Capacity and Wheat Yield in Coastal Saline Soil
- 水土保持学报 2020年34卷第6期页码：337-344
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室, 山东农业大学资源与环境学院,山东,泰安,271018
  2. 山东省食品药品检验研究院,济南,250101
  3. 沂南县农业农村局, 山东沂南,276300
  4. 东营市农业农村局,山东,东营,257000
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "张乃丹(1995-),女,硕士研究生,主要从事土肥资源管理与高效利用研究。E-mail:sndznd@163.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  山东省重大科技创新工程项目（2017CXGC0301，2019JZZY010723）
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.06.047
  中图分类号： S156.4
- 纸质出版：2020
- 稿件说明：
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张乃丹, 宋付朋, 张喜琦, 等. 速缓效氮肥配施有机肥对滨海盐渍土供氮能力及小麦产量的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(6):337-344.

ZHANG Naidan, SONG Fupeng, ZHANG Xiqi, et al. Effect of Available and Slow-released Nitrogen Fertilizer Combined with Organic Fertilizer on Soil Nitrogen Supply Capacity and Wheat Yield in Coastal Saline Soil[J]. 2020, 34(6): 337-344.
张乃丹, 宋付朋, 张喜琦, 等. 速缓效氮肥配施有机肥对滨海盐渍土供氮能力及小麦产量的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020,34(6):337-344. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.06.047.

ZHANG Naidan, SONG Fupeng, ZHANG Xiqi, et al. Effect of Available and Slow-released Nitrogen Fertilizer Combined with Organic Fertilizer on Soil Nitrogen Supply Capacity and Wheat Yield in Coastal Saline Soil[J]. 2020, 34(6): 337-344. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.06.047.

摘要

为了提高盐渍土氮素肥力和小麦产量，达到改良培肥、增产增效的目的，2017—2019年在滨海盐渍土区进行田间试验，研究盐渍土氮肥与有机肥的运筹模式。田间试验按裂区设计，在同一施氮（N）量225 kg/hm2条件下，分设3个速缓效氮肥掺混比例：100%：0（F1），50%：50%（F2），30%：70%（F3）；3个有机肥用量：6 t/hm2（O1），12 t/hm2（O2），15 t/hm2（O3），不施氮肥和有机肥处理为空白对照（CK）。结果表明，与其他速缓效氮肥掺混比例和有机肥用量相比，F3O3处理能有效降低盐渍土耕层水溶性盐含量0.7%~9.5%；土体剖面20—100 cm各土层硝、铵态氮含量与耕层相比分别降低1.3%~42.3%，3.8%~44.3%，有效减少了氮素淋出耕层；小麦返青期至成熟期耕层土壤速效硝、铵态氮含量分别显著提高16.6%~59.8%，21.5%~60.4%；两季小麦分别增产5.9%~47.0%，8.3%~46.6%，并提高了氮肥利用效率和经济效益。因此，小麦播前撒施速缓效比例30%：70%掺混氮肥225 kg/hm2配施有机肥15 t/hm2（F3O3）并翻耕与耕层混匀能够有效降低滨海盐渍土耕层盐分，减少氮素淋失，提升耕层土壤的供氮能力，并达到增产增效，是滨海盐渍土改良培肥最优的氮肥与有机肥运筹模式。

Abstract

In order to improve the nitrogen fertility and wheat yield of saline soil

achieve the purpose of improving fertilizer

increasing yield and efficiency

a field experiment was conducted in coastal saline soil test site to study the reasonable fertilizer management suitable for coastal saline soil. The split plot experiment was conducted from 2017 to 2019

with three mixing ratio of available and slow-released nitrogen fertilizer (N: 225 kg/hm2)

100%∶0 (F1)

50%∶50% (F2)

30%∶70% (F3)

were used as the main plots. Three organic fertilizer rates were set as sub plots: 6 t/hm2 (O1)

12 t/hm2 (O2)

and 15 t/hm2 (O3)

and no nitrogen application was the control (CK).The results showed that compared with other nitrogen and organic fertilizer treatments

the F3O3 treatment effectively reduced the salt content in the surface of saline soil by 0.7%~9.5%

reduced the content of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen in 20—100 cm soil layers by 1.3%~42.3% and 3.8%~44.3% respectively

which effectively reduced the nitrogen leaching out of the plough layer

increased the contents of available nitrate and ammonium nitrogen in plough layer by 16.6%~59.8% and 21.5%~60.4% respectively from the turning green stage to mature stage. And the F3O3 treatment significantly increased wheat grain yield

increasing by 5.9%~47.0% in 2018 and 8.3%~46.6% in 2019 compared with other nitrogen and organic fertilizer treatments. To sum up

in the coastal saline soil

the treatment of 70% slow-released urea and 30% available urea combined with organic fertilizer 15 t/hm2 could effectively reduce the soil salinity and nitrogen leaching

maintained the available nitrogen nutrients

and improved the nitrogen supply capacity of the surface soil and wheat yield. It was the reasonable fertilizer operation mode of nitrogen fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer in coastal saline soil which can be widely used to improve fertilization and soil fertility.

关键词

Keywords

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